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pre[class*=language-]{background-color:rgba(var(--ui-12-rgb),.5);color:var(--text-01);text-shadow:none;padding:var(--spacing-00);border-radius:var(--spacing-00);font-size:smaller}",":type":"snowflake-site/components/markup-editor","isGSAPEnabled":false},"responsivegrid":{"columnClassNames":{"quickstart_hero":"aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12","flexible_column_cont":"aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12","markup_editor":"aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12"},"gridClassNames":"aem-Grid aem-Grid--12 aem-Grid--default--12","columnCount":12,":items":{"quickstart_hero":{"id":"quickstart-hero-70fea4b24c","isDeveloperGuidesPage":false,"quickstartHeroTitle":{"lines":["Build a Data App with Snowflake"],"type":"heading2",":type":"snowflake-site/components/title-v2"},"quickstartHeroAuthor":"Brian Hess, Fredrik Göransson, Charles Yorek, Kesav 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data applications with Snowflake and Node.js for interactive analytics dashboards, customer portals, and embedded data products.","paragraphs":["&lt;!-- ------------------------ --&gt;\n","\u003Ch2\u003EOverview\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ESnowflake is a terrific platform on which to build data applications. The unique characteristics and\ncloud-based design allow for building applications that scale with data and workload. This tutorial\nwill go through how to build and deploy both the Processing Layer and the User Interface Layer paired\nwith Snowflake as the Persistence Layer.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EOur example will be using a fictional food truck franchise website, Tasty Bytes. We will be building\na graphical user interface with charts and graphs for franshisees to be able to examine sales data related\nto their franchise of food trucks. After logging in via a login page, each franchisee will have one page\nthat will show metrics at the franchise level, and another that will show metrics around the food truck\nbrands for that franchise.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe Processing and User Interface Layers will be built using Node.js. The dataset is a orders history\nfor Tasty Bytes.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EPrerequisites\u003C/h3\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EA Snowflake account, and familiarity with the Snowsight interface\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EPrivileges necessary to create a user, database, and warehouse in Snowflake\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAbility to install and run software on your computer\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EBasic experience using git\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EIntermediate knowledge of Node.js and React JS\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EWhat You&rsquo;ll Learn\u003C/h3\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EHow to configure and build a custom API Powered by Snowflake, written in Node.js\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EHow to configure and build a custom frontend website to communicate with the API, written in React and Node.js\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EHow to run and test the frontend and API on your machine\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EWhat You&rsquo;ll Need\u003C/h3\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://code.visualstudio.com/download\"\u003EVSCode\u003C/a\u003E Installed\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git\"\u003EGit\u003C/a\u003E Installed\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://nodejs.org/en/download/\"\u003ENodeJS\u003C/a\u003E Installed\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-node-js-and-npm\"\u003ENPM\u003C/a\u003E Installed\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInstalling Using NVM\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENode Version Manager provides the ability to have multiple versions of Node installed on your local environment.  This can be helpful so that you can complete this lab without impacting any existing Node setup that you have on your machine.\nNVM can be found here: \u003Ca href=\"https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm\"\u003Ehttps://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo run this lab you will want to utilize Node 18.16.0 which can be installed using the following command after NVM has been installed: \u003Ccode\u003Envm install 18.16.0\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EWhat You&rsquo;ll Build\u003C/h3\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAPI Powered by Snowflake built in Node.js\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EReact JS Web Application that connects to that API\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n&lt;!-- ------------------------ --&gt;\n","\u003Ch2\u003ELab 1: Data\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EOverview\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn this part of the lab we'll set up our Snowflake account, create database structures to house our data, create a Virtual Warehouse to use for data loading and finally load our Tasty Bytes Food Truck orders data into our ORDERS table and run a few queries to get familiar with the data.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EStep 1.1 Initial Snowflake Setup\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFor this part of the lab we will want to ensure we run all steps as the ACCOUNTADMIN role\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Change role to accountadmin\nuse role accountadmin;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFirst we can create a \u003Ca href=\"https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/warehouses-overview\"\u003EVirtual Warehouse\u003C/a\u003E that can be used for data exploration and general querying in this lab.  We'll create this warehouse with a size of \u003Ccode\u003EMedium\u003C/code\u003E which is right sized for that use case in this lab.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Create a virtual warehouse for data exploration\ncreate or replace warehouse query_wh with \n\twarehouse_size = 'medium' \n\twarehouse_type = 'standard' \n\tauto_suspend = 300 \n\tauto_resume = true \n\tmin_cluster_count = 1 \n\tmax_cluster_count = 1 \n\tscaling_policy = 'standard';\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EStep 1.2 Load Data\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENext we will create a database and schema that will house the tables that store our application data.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Create the application database and schema\ncreate or replace database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\ncreate or replace schema app;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThis DDL will create the structure for the ORDERS table which is the main source of data for our application in this lab.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Create table structure for order data \ncreate or replace table orders (\n\torder_id number(38,0),\n\ttruck_id number(38,0),\n\torder_ts timestamp_ntz(9),\n\torder_detail_id number(38,0),\n\tline_number number(38,0),\n\ttruck_brand_name varchar(16777216),\n\tmenu_type varchar(16777216),\n\tprimary_city varchar(16777216),\n\tregion varchar(16777216),\n\tcountry varchar(16777216),\n\tfranchise_flag number(38,0),\n\tfranchise_id number(38,0),\n\tfranchisee_first_name varchar(16777216),\n\tfranchisee_last_name varchar(16777216),\n\tlocation_id number(19,0),\n\tcustomer_id number(38,0),\n\tfirst_name varchar(16777216),\n\tlast_name varchar(16777216),\n\te_mail varchar(16777216),\n\tphone_number varchar(16777216),\n\tchildren_count varchar(16777216),\n\tgender varchar(16777216),\n\tmarital_status varchar(16777216),\n\tmenu_item_id number(38,0),\n\tmenu_item_name varchar(16777216),\n\tquantity number(5,0),\n\tunit_price number(38,4),\n\tprice number(38,4),\n\torder_amount number(38,4),\n\torder_tax_amount varchar(16777216),\n\torder_discount_amount varchar(16777216),\n\torder_total number(38,4)\n);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFor loading data into the ORDERS table we will create a new Virtual Warehouse sized as a \u003Ccode\u003ELarge\u003C/code\u003E to help us quickly ingest the data we have stored in an S3 bucket.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Create a virtual warehouse for data loading\ncreate or replace warehouse load_wh with \n\twarehouse_size = 'large' \n\twarehouse_type = 'standard' \n\tauto_suspend = 300 \n\tauto_resume = true \n\tmin_cluster_count = 1 \n\tmax_cluster_count = 1 \n\tscaling_policy = 'standard';\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENext we have to create a \u003Ca href=\"https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/data-load-overview\"\u003ESTAGE\u003C/a\u003E which is a Snowflake object that points to a cloud storage location Snowflake can access to both ingest and query data.  In this lab the data is stored in a publically accessible AWS S3 bucket which we are referencing when creating the Stage object.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Create stage for loading orders data\ncreate or replace stage tasty_bytes_app_stage\n\turl = 's3://sfquickstarts/frostbyte_tastybytes/app/orders/';\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EOnce we've created both the Virtual Warehouse we want to use for loading data and the Stage which points to where the data resides in cloud storage we can simply \u003Ca href=\"https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/copy-into-table\"\u003ECOPY\u003C/a\u003E the data from that Stage into our ORDERS table.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Copy data into orders table using the load wh\n copy into orders from @tasty_bytes_app_stage;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EStep 1.3 Explore Data\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow that we've loaded our data into the ORDERS table we can run a few queries to get familiar with it - but first we will want to change the Virtual Warehouse we're using from the \u003Ccode\u003ELOAD_WH\u003C/code\u003E back to the \u003Ccode\u003EQUERY_WH\u003C/code\u003E created earlier in the lab.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Change our Virtual Warehouse context to use our query_wh\n use warehouse query_wh;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo begin with we can simply look at a sample of the entire table.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Simple query to look at 10 rows of data \nselect * from orders limit 10;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENext we can see how many records we've loaded into the table.  Notice how quickly the query executes - this is due to Snowflake's unique architecture which enables a certain class of queries like this one to pull results from metadata instead of requiring compute to generate the result. You should see that the table has a little more than 231M rows.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Query to count all records in the table\nselect count(*) from orders;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENext we can see the date range included in our data. You should see that the data ranges from \u003Ccode\u003E2022-01-01\u003C/code\u003E to \u003Ccode\u003E2022-10-31\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Query to find the date range of the data\nselect min(order_ts), max(order_ts) from orders;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFinally we can run a more complex query to look at the total revenue by month where we will use a couple of \u003Ca href=\"https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference-functions\"\u003Efunctions\u003C/a\u003E to parse the month number and name from the ORDER_TS column in the ORDERS table.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Sales by month\nselect month(order_ts),monthname(order_ts), sum(price)\nfrom orders \ngroup by month(order_ts), monthname(order_ts)\norder by month(order_ts);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch2\u003ELab 2: Queries\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EOverview\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow that we've done the initial set up within our Snowflake account including loading data into the ORDERS table we will focus on turning our business questions into queries for our application.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EOur queries will be broken into two groups - \u003Ccode\u003EFranchise\u003C/code\u003E queries and \u003Ccode\u003ETruck Brand\u003C/code\u003E level queries.  For the sake of ease we will focus on the following Franchise, Truck Brand, and Date Range for this part of the lab.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EFranchise:  \u003Ccode\u003E1\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETruck Brand: \u003Ccode\u003EGuac n' Roll\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EDate Range: \u003Ccode\u003E2022-01-01\u003C/code\u003E to \u003Ccode\u003E2022-03-31\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ESetting Snowsight Context\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo ensure the correct context is use for these queries we will set our database, schema, and Virtual Warehouse using the following SQL:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Set query context\nuse database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\nuse schema app;\nuse warehouse query_wh;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003E2.1 Franchise Queries\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo answer the business questions about how our overall Franchise business is doing we'll need create the three following queries.  All of the columns required for these exist in the \u003Ccode\u003EORDERS\u003C/code\u003E table and no joining of tables are required.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETop 10 Countries Based on Revenue for Franchise 1 in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETop 10 Truck Brands Based on Revenue for Franchise 1 in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMonthly Revenue for Franchise 1 for the year 2023 per Truck Brand\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can spend some time creating the queries for each of these and then check your answers against the provided queries below by expanding each section.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;details&gt;\n&lt;summary&gt;Top 10 Countries Based on Revenue&lt;/summary&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT\n    TOP 10 country,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) &gt;= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) &lt;= '2022-03-31'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    country\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;/details&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;details&gt;\n&lt;summary&gt;Top 10 Truck Brands Based on Revenue&lt;/summary&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT\n    TOP 10 truck_brand_name,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) &gt;= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) &lt;= '2022-03-31'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    truck_brand_name\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;/details&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;details&gt;\n&lt;summary&gt;Montly Revenue per Truck Brand&lt;/summary&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT\n    country,\n    month(order_ts) as date,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n        year(order_ts) = 2022\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    country,\n    month(order_ts)\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;/details&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003E2.2 Truck Brand Queries\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFranchise owners will want to dig deeper into the data and better understand performance trends at the Truck Brand level so we'll need to create four more queries to analyze the data.  All of the columns required for these exist in the \u003Ccode\u003EORDERS\u003C/code\u003E table and no joining of tables are required.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\u003Cli\u003ETotal Sales by Day-of-Week for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMenu Items sorted by Revenue for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMenu Items sorted by Revenue by Day-of-Week for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ECities sorted by Revenue by Day-of-Week for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ol\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can spend some time creating the queries for each of these and then check your answers against the provided queries below by expanding each section.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;details&gt;\n&lt;summary&gt;Total Sales by Day-of-Week&lt;/summary&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT\n    dayofweek(order_ts) as DoW,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) &gt;= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) &lt;= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts)\nORDER BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n        sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;/details&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;details&gt;\n&lt;summary&gt;Top Selling Items&lt;/summary&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT\n    menu_item_name,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) &gt;= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) &lt;= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    menu_item_name\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;/details&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;details&gt;\n&lt;summary&gt;Top Selling items by Day-of-Week&lt;/summary&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT\n    dayofweek(order_ts) as DoW,\n    menu_item_name,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) &gt;= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) &lt;= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n    menu_item_name\nORDER BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n        sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;/details&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;details&gt;\n&lt;summary&gt;Best Cities by Day-of-Week&lt;/summary&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT\n    dayofweek(order_ts) as DoW,\n    primary_city,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) &gt;= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) &lt;= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n    primary_city\nORDER BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n    sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E&lt;/details&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch2\u003ELab 3: Snowflake Setup\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EOverview\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow that we've created our database, loaded data and developed the queries needed to answer our business questions the last step before getting into application code is setting up the necessary objects so that the application can connect to Snowflake securely and query data on its own Virtual Warehouse\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ESetting Snowsight Context\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo ensure the correct context is use for these queries we will set our database, schema, and Virtual Warehouse using the following SQL:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Set query context\nuse database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\nuse schema app;\nuse warehouse query_wh;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EStep 3.1 Creating the Service User\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo enable our application to connect securely to Snowflake we are going to create a service user in the Snowflake account and create a key pair that we will use to authenticate that user.\nStart by generating a private and a public key to associate with the user.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EGenerate and download the key files \u003Ca href=\"https://www.cryptool.org/en/cto/openssl\"\u003Ein your browser\u003C/a\u003E. Running the following commands below in the Web OpenSSL Application window and download the Files generated.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIf you prefer to generate the key files using \u003Ca href=\"https://www.openssl.org/\"\u003Eopenssl\u003C/a\u003E locally, run the following commands in your shell.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003E$ openssl genrsa 2048 | openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -out app_user_rsa_key.p8 -nocrypt\nGenerating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)\n\n$ openssl rsa -in app_user_rsa_key.p8 -pubout -out app_user_rsa_key.pub\nwriting RSA key\n\n$ cat app_user_rsa_key.pub\n-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmT/\n....\n+SWsODZKAhqU8PRAqlXhIQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou should now have two key files in your folder, app_user_rsa_key.p8 and app_user_rsa_key.pub.\nWe can now create the service user in Snowflake, in the Snowflake account you created in the earlier lab (as \u003Ccode\u003EACCOUNTADMIN\u003C/code\u003E), run the following:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Change role to accountadmin\nuse role accountadmin;\n\n-- Create a database role for our application\ncreate role tasty_app_api_role;\n\n-- Grant privileges to the newly created role on required database objects\ngrant usage on database frostbyte_tasty_bytes to role tasty_app_api_role;\ngrant usage on schema frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app to role tasty_app_api_role;\ngrant select on all tables in schema frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app to role tasty_app_api_role;\ngrant select on future tables in schema frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app to role tasty_app_api_role;\n\n-- Create the service user\ncreate user if not exists tasty_app_api_user\n    password = null\n    login_name = 'tasty_app_api_user'\n    display_name = 'tasty app api user'\n    first_name = 'tasty app api user'\n    last_name = 'tasty app api user'\n    must_change_password = false\n    disabled = false\n    default_warehouse = tasty_app_api_wh\n    default_namespace = frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app\n    default_role = tasty_app_api_role\n    rsa_public_key = '&lt;rsa_public_key&gt;'\n    comment = 'api user for tasty app';\n\n-- Grant the role to the user\ngrant role tasty_app_api_role to user tasty_app_api_user;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWhere you replace \u003Ccode\u003E&lt;rsa_public_key&gt;\u003C/code\u003E with the contents of the \u003Ccode\u003Eapp_user_rsa_key.pub\u003C/code\u003E file you just created locally (copy everything between the \u003Ccode\u003E-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\u003C/code\u003E and the \u003Ccode\u003E-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\u003C/code\u003E lines)\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EStep 3.2 Creating a Virtual Warehouse for the Application\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EMuch like we created separate Virtual Warehouses for exploring and loading data, we will create one specifically for our service to use when executing queries on Snowflake. We will also grant the privilege \u003Ccode\u003EUSAGE\u003C/code\u003E to the service role so that it can use the warehouse.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Create Warehouse for the API\ncreate or replace warehouse tasty_app_api_wh with \n    warehouse_size = 'small' \n    warehouse_type = 'standard' \n    auto_suspend = 300 \n    auto_resume = true \n    min_cluster_count = 1 \n    max_cluster_count = 1 \n    scaling_policy = 'standard';\n\n-- Grant permission to use the warehouse to the service role\ngrant usage on warehouse tasty_app_api_wh to role tasty_app_api_role;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EStep 3.3 Building the Users Login table\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ESince our application will be connecting to Snowflake using a service user, we need a place to store the Franchisee login information and encrypted passwords so the application can authenticate them at login.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- Create Users table for the Website\ncreate or replace table users (\n\tuser_id number(38,0) autoincrement,\n\tuser_name varchar(16777216) not null,\n\thashed_password varchar(16777216),\n\tfranchise_id number(38,0),\n\tpassword_date timestamp_ntz(9),\n\tstatus boolean,\n\tunique (user_name)\n);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E -- Add Franchisee logins \ninsert into users\n    values\n    (1,'user1','$2b$10$v0IoU/pokkiM13e.eayf1u3DkgtIBMGO1uRO2O.mlb2K2cLztV5vy',1,current_timestamp,TRUE), \n    (2,'user2','$2b$10$e2TXM/kLlazbH1xl31SeOe6RTyfL3E9mE8sZZsU33AE52rO.u44JC',120,current_timestamp,TRUE),\n    (3,'user3','$2b$10$WX4e1LAC.rAabBJV58RuKerEK4T/U4htgXrmedTa5oiGCWIRHwe0e',271,current_timestamp,TRUE);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n&lt;!-- ------------------------ --&gt;\n","\u003Ch2\u003ELab 4: Building the backend\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThis lab will take you through building the backend, in the form of an API, that can be called by the frontend application. The backend API will connect to the Snowflake database and serve the results of queries over a number of API endpoints.\nWe will take the queries designed in the &lt;a href=&quot;#3&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;&gt;Lab 3: Snowflake Setup&lt;/a&gt; and have the results of these queries returned by endpoints in the API.\nWe will then secure access to the API using bearer authorization tokens in the form of signed JWTs (Javascript Web Tokens). For this lab we are not securing the communication using HTTPS, but in a production environment this should be added.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 4.1: Setting up the code\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe starting code for this lab is hosted on GitHub. You can start by cloning the repository into a separate folder if you haven&rsquo;t done so already as part of the earlier labs.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\"\u003Egit clone https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/sfguide-tasty-bytes-zero-to-app zero-to-app\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EChange directory to the \u003Ccode\u003Ezero-to-app/\u003C/code\u003E directory that is created when you clone the repository. You should now have a directory with subdirectories for the different labs. For this lab we will use the \u003Ccode\u003Ebackend/\u003C/code\u003E directory. Open this directory in an IDE (like VSCode).\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe will start by adding the Node dependencies to the project. In a terminal window run the following:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\"\u003Enpm i express@4.18.2 snowflake-sdk@1.6.22 dotenv@16.1.3 bcrypt@5.1.0 cors@2.8.5 jsonwebtoken@9.0.0\nnpm i nodemon@2.0.22 --save-dev\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EStart the server by running:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Enpm run serve\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThis will run the server and you can access the supplied endpoint in a browser, or using curl:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Ecurl http://localhost:3000\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENote that this runs the Node server using \u003Ccode\u003Enodemon\u003C/code\u003E, which helps us by restarting the server whenever it detects a change to the code we are working on. However, if you need to stop it, simply press &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;c&lt;/kbd&gt; in the terminal where you started it. Once stopped, if it crashed, or something else happend, you can simply run \u003Ccode\u003Enpm run serve\u003C/code\u003E again to start it back up. In several steps below you are asked to do additional tasks in the terminal/shell, easiest is often to open an additional terminal window for these and keeping the server running in the first one.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 4.2: Configuring the connection to Snowflake\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe can now connect to the Snowflake database we created in the earlier lab. To do so we are going to use the service user (\u003Ccode\u003ETASTY_APP_API_USER\u003C/code\u003E) in the Snowflake account created in the previous lab. We will need the private key created in &lt;a href=&quot;#3&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;&gt;Lab 3: Snowflake Setup&lt;/a&gt;. If you didn't change the location of where that key was created, we can simply reference it in our code. The path \u003Ccode\u003E../../app_user_rsa_key.p8\u003C/code\u003E here is the \u003Cem\u003Erelative\u003C/em\u003E path from \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E file to the folder where the key was created.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe code for setting up the connection to Snowflake is contained in the file \u003Ccode\u003Econnect.js\u003C/code\u003E. Add a reference to this file at the top of \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.2.1 Set up the connection to Snowflake\nvar connection = require('./connect.js')\n\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ccode\u003Econnect.js\u003C/code\u003E, after starting the server on line 17, add the following:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.2.2 get connection details from environment variables\nconst options = {\n    account: process.env.ACCOUNT,\n    username: process.env.USERNAME,\n    authenticator: &quot;SNOWFLAKE_JWT&quot;,\n    privateKeyPath: &quot;../../app_user_rsa_key.p8&quot;,\n    database: process.env.DATABASE,\n    schema: process.env.SCHEMA,\n    warehouse: process.env.WAREHOUSE,\n};\n\n// 4.2.3 create the connection to the Snowflake account\nconst connection = snowflake.createConnection(options);\nconnection.connect((err, conn) =&gt; {\n    if (err) {\n        console.error('Unable to connect to Snowflake', err);\n    } else {\n        console.log('Connected to Snowflake account ' + options.account);\n    }\n});\n\nmodule.exports = connection;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EAlso create a new file  called \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E in the \u003Ccode\u003Ebackend\u003C/code\u003E directory by copying the \u003Ccode\u003E.env.example\u003C/code\u003E file:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Ecp .env.example .env\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EEdit the \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E file and replace \u003Ccode\u003EREPLACE_WITH_ACCOUNT\u003C/code\u003E with the \u003Ca href=\"https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/admin-account-identifier\"\u003Eaccount identifier\u003C/a\u003E of your Snowflake account.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo now test out the connection, start by replacing the \u003Ccode\u003E/\u003C/code\u003E route in the \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E file to use the connection we just created, and issue a query:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Eapp.get(&quot;/&quot;, (req, res, next) =&gt; {\n    console.log(req.method + ': ' + req.path);\n    // 4.2.3 Connect to Snowflake and return query result\n    connection.execute({\n        sqlText: sql_queries.all_franchise_names,\n        complete: (err, stmt, rows) =&gt; {\n            if (err) {\n                console.error('Unable to retrieve franchises', err);\n                res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unable to retrieve franchises' });\n            } else {\n                res.status(200).json(rows);\n            }\n        },\n    });\n});\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EHere we are executing the SQL command that is defined in the \u003Ccode\u003Esql.js\u003C/code\u003E file. These are the queries that you developed in the previous lab. This file is included in \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E as a requirement at the top of the file:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.2.4 Definition of sql queries to execute\nvar sql_queries = require('./sql')\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EOpen the \u003Ccode\u003Esql.js\u003C/code\u003E file and examine the SQL statement being executed. Test this out in a browser \u003Ca href=\"http://localhost:3000/\"\u003Ehttp://localhost:3000/\u003C/a\u003E, or by running a curl command:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Ecurl http://localhost:3000\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENeed help with this step?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a \u003Ccode\u003Egit\u003C/code\u003E command to grab it from the repo. In the \u003Ccode\u003E/backend\u003C/code\u003E folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run \u003Ccode\u003Egit checkout -- ./backend\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 4.3: Building the endpoints\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe can now add the queries to each endpoint to make them return some more interesting results. Start with the endpoint for getting sales for the top 10 countries. It is contained in the file \u003Ccode\u003E/routes/franchise.js\u003C/code\u003E. Start by including this file in \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E and add the routes we will define in there to the app:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.3.1 Add franchise routes\nconst franchise = require('./routes/franchise.js')\napp.use(&quot;/franchise&quot;, franchise);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow we open \u003Ccode\u003E/routes/franchise.js\u003C/code\u003E and update the first route to return the top selling countries for a specified franchise between two dates:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Erouter.get('/:franchise/countries/', (req, res) =&gt; {\n    // 4.3.2 Parse parameters and connect to Snowflake a return query response    \n    const franchise = req.params.franchise\n    const startdate = utils.parseDate(req.query.start) ?? utils.defaultStartDate();\n    const enddate = utils.parseDate(req.query.end) ?? utils.defaultEndDate();\n\n    console.log('start: ' + startdate + ', end: ' + enddate);\n\n    connection.execute({\n        sqlText: sql_queries.top_10_countries,\n        binds: [franchise, startdate, enddate],\n        complete: (err, stmt, rows) =&gt; {\n            if (err) {\n                console.error('Unable to retrieve order data', err);\n                res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unable to retrieve order data' });\n            } else {\n                res.status(200).json(rows);\n            }\n        },\n    });\n});\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the code we are using a helper functions from the file \u003Ccode\u003Eutils.js\u003C/code\u003E to parse out dates from the supplied query string parameters in the format \u003Ccode\u003EYYYY-MM-DD\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe are here picking up both the franchise id from the parameters of the request, like \u003Ca href=\"http://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries\"\u003Ehttp://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries\u003C/a\u003E and optionally allowing the user to specify a start and end date for the data to be returned, like \u003Ca href=\"http://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries?start=2022-01-01&amp;end=2022-03-01\"\u003Ehttp://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries?start=2022-01-01&amp;end=2022-03-01\u003C/a\u003E. These parameters are then bound to the query using the \u003Ccode\u003Ebinds\u003C/code\u003E argument to the \u003Ccode\u003Eexecute()\u003C/code\u003E function call. Updated the SQL statement \u003Ccode\u003Etop_10_countries\u003C/code\u003E in the \u003Ccode\u003Esql.js\u003C/code\u003E file to use these parameters in the condition for the query:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E-- 4.3.3 Update SQL for Top selling countries for franchise\n-- Top 10 Countries\n    SELECT\n        TOP 10 country,\n        sum(price) AS revenue\n    FROM\n        app.orders\n    WHERE\n        franchise_id = :1\n        AND date(order_ts) &gt;= :2\n        AND date(order_ts) &lt;= :3\n    GROUP BY\n        country\n    ORDER BY\n        sum(price) desc;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the query, you can see how each argument (\u003Ccode\u003Efranchise\u003C/code\u003E, \u003Ccode\u003Estartdate\u003C/code\u003E, \u003Ccode\u003Eenddate\u003C/code\u003E) passed to the query gets bound to the ordinal markers (\u003Ccode\u003E:1\u003C/code\u003E, \u003Ccode\u003E:2\u003C/code\u003E, \u003Ccode\u003E:3\u003C/code\u003E).\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can now go ahead and implement the next endpoint \u003Ccode\u003E/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_topitems\u003C/code\u003E in the same way, by getting the parameters from the request and binding them to the executed SQL statements in the section marked \u003Ccode\u003E4.3.4\u003C/code\u003E. Also update the SQL statement in the \u003Ccode\u003Esql.js\u003C/code\u003E file, using the query built in the first labs. Note that you here will have to also bind the parameter for \u003Ccode\u003E:truckbrandname\u003C/code\u003E to the SQL statement marked \u003Ccode\u003E4.3.5\u003C/code\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe routes we will add are:\n| Route | Method | Query Parameters |\n| ------- | --------- | ------- |\n| / | Return a list of available franchises and the truck brands for each |\n| /franchise/:franchise/countries | Returns a top 10 countries by sales for the specified franchise | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks | Returns a top 10 trucks by sales for the specified franchise | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/revenue/:year | Return the revenue for the specified year and truck |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_topitems | Returns the top selling items by truck brand for a specified franchise. | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_dayofweek | Returns sales by truck brand for a specified franchise by day of week.  different views of the data is returned | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_topitems_dayofweek | Returns the top selling items by truck brand for a specified franchise by day of week. | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/locations | Returns the top 10 locations for a truck brand for a specified franchise | startdate and enddate |\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe routes can then be filtered by adding \u003Ccode\u003E?start=2022-01-01&amp;end=2022-03-01\u003C/code\u003E as optional query parameters.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe code for the remaining endpoints is in the file \u003Ccode\u003E/routes/franchise_all.js\u003C/code\u003E. Also add these routes to the \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E file to include them in the service:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.3.6 Add remaining franchise routes\nconst franchise_all = require('./routes/franchise_all.js')\napp.use(&quot;/franchise&quot;, franchise_all);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWith this, all the endpoints are now built out and you can test the API.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EHere are a few curl commands to test the APIs:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Ecurl &quot;http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/countries&quot;\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Ecurl &quot;http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks&quot;\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Ecurl &quot;http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/revenue/2022&quot;\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Ecurl &quot;http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks/Guac%20n%27%20Roll/sales&quot;\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Ecurl &quot;http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks/Guac%20n%27%20Roll/sales?analysis=dayofweek&quot;\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ccode\u003Ecurl &quot;http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks/Guac%20n%27%20Roll/sales?analysis=topitems_dayofweek&quot;\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENeed help with this step?\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a \u003Ccode\u003Egit\u003C/code\u003E command to grab it from the repo. In the \u003Ccode\u003E/backend\u003C/code\u003E folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run \u003Ccode\u003Egit checkout -- ./backend\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 4.4: Securing the API\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe should now add a way to secure the access to the API, so that the frontend that we will build in a later lab, can authenticate and we can manage the access to the data and the endpoints.\nFor this API we will use a HTTP authentication scheme usually referred to as Bearer Authentication. An application, like the frontend, can login using a username and password, and get a signed token back from the backend that in subsequent calls can be included in the header. The token will be signed by the backend so that in later calls the signature can be verified, adding a measure of protection against tampering. It should be noted that in this lab we are not setting up secured communication with HTTPS, but in a production scenario, this should be done to ensure that both username and passwords, as well as tokens sent between backend and frontend, are protected from interception. The very nature of bearer tokens means that anyone in possession of (bearing) a valid token will be given access to the protected resource (hence the name bearer). For this lab we will be using signed JWTs (JSON Web Token), which is a common standard for token authentication.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch4\u003ECreating access tokens\u003C/h4\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe will start by generating two random secrets that should be secured with the backend and not shared with other parties. We will use the \u003Ccode\u003Enode\u003C/code\u003E command-line tool to do this.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003E$ node\n&gt; require(&quot;crypto&quot;).randomBytes(64).toString(&quot;hex&quot;)\n'0b5191c5f9257c3999d1c7d1324e66f6af9a187881b52e2a4117afe6c7f901329e0a6bb1bebc5d5ea9e6a98984e288f12bb29950b77c4d98075dba87bdb6c5bb'\n&gt; require(&quot;crypto&quot;).randomBytes(64).toString(&quot;hex&quot;)\n'b8f994547e66fa6cecf3e02ab35275616d900368fe0ca2ac6bf4342ff63abef7d093d6f4d6c574f7d44ee30ea54f6716c6f1c5bef23e61ab9888fccb061ba9f4'\n&gt; .exit\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EGenerate two random strings like this and add them in the \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E file.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003EACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET=0b5191c5.....dba87bdb6c5bb # 4.4.1 Replace with randomly generated string\nREFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET=b8f99454.....fccb061ba9f4 # 4.4.1 Replace with randomly generated string\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe provided code in the \u003Ccode\u003Eauth.js\u003C/code\u003E file helps us create access and refresh tokens:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Econst jwt = require(&quot;jsonwebtoken&quot;)\nmodule.exports = {\n\n    refreshTokens: [],\n\n    // accessTokens\n    generateAccessToken: function(user) {\n        return jwt.sign(user, process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, { expiresIn: &quot;360m&quot; })\n    },\n\n    // refreshTokens\n    generateRefreshToken: function(user) {\n        const refreshToken =\n            jwt.sign(user, process.env.REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET, { expiresIn: &quot;20m&quot; })\n        this.refreshTokens.push(refreshToken)\n        return refreshToken\n    },\n};\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EInclude the \u003Ccode\u003Eauth.js\u003C/code\u003E at the top of the \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E file:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.4.2 Add helpers for authenetication and tokens\nvar auth = require('./auth')\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENotice how the \u003Ccode\u003EACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET\u003C/code\u003E and \u003Ccode\u003EREFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET\u003C/code\u003E from the \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E file are now used to sign the tokens we generate. Having different secrets means that this back backend can uniquely verify that a token was generated and signed by itself.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENote that here we are setting an expiration time of 360 minutes for the access tokens to make this lab a little easier (meaning a token will not expire during the entire lab), in a production scenario it would likely be a much shorter expiration time, like 15 minutes.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n","\u003Ch4\u003EAdding a login endpoint to the API\u003C/h4\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ccode\u003E/routes/login.js\u003C/code\u003E we can now add two endpoints; one to login and get an access token, and one to get a refresh token. We will check the supplied username and password with the hashed password in our database in the \u003Ccode\u003EUSERS\u003C/code\u003E table. Additionally, we will add an endpoint to get a new access token using the refresh token, in case the access token has expired.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Eapp.post(&quot;/login&quot;, async (req, res) =&gt; {\n    if(!req.body.name || !req.body.password ) {\n        res.status(422).send(&quot;Incorrect data&quot;)\n        return\n    }\n\n    const login_user = req.body.name\n    const login_password = req.body.password\n    connection.execute({\n        sqlText: sql_queries.verify_user,\n        binds: [login_user],\n        complete: (err, stmt, rows) =&gt; {\n            if (err) {\n                console.error('Unable to validate user', err);\n                res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unable to validate user' })\n                return\n            } else {\n                if (rows.length == 0){\n                    console.log('User does not exist: ' + login_user)\n                    res.status(401).json('Invalid user or password')\n                    return\n                } else {\n                    user_row = rows[0]\n                    user_name = user_row.USER_NAME\n                    hashed_password = user_row.HASHED_PASSWORD\n                    franchise_id = user_row.FRANCHISE_ID                    \n                    bcrypt.compare(login_password, hashed_password, function(err, result) {\n                        if (err){\n                            console.log('Failed to check password for: ' + login_user + ' - ' + err.message)\n                            res.status(401).json('Invalid user or password')\n                            return\n                        }\n                        if (result){\n                            console.log('Successful login, generating token for: ' + user_name + ', franchise: ' + franchise_id)\n                            const accessToken = auth.generateAccessToken({ user: req.body.name, franchise: franchise_id })\n                            const refreshToken = auth.generateRefreshToken({ user: req.body.name, franchise: franchise_id })\n                            res.json({ accessToken: accessToken, refreshToken: refreshToken })\n                            return\n                        }\n                        console.log('Incorrect password for user: ' + login_user)\n                        res.status(401).json('Invalid user or password')\n                        return\n                    });\n                }\n            }\n        },\n    });\n});\n\napp.post(&quot;/refresh&quot;, (req, res) =&gt; {\n    if (!req.body.token)\n        res.status(422).send(&quot;Incorrect data&quot;)\n    if (!auth.refreshTokens.includes(req.body.token))\n        res.status(400).send(&quot;Refresh Token Invalid&quot;)\n    auth.refreshTokens = auth.refreshTokens.filter((c) =&gt; c != req.body.token)\n    //remove the old refreshToken from the refreshTokens list\n    const accessToken = auth.generateAccessToken({ user: req.body.token.user, franchise: req.body.token.franchise })\n    const refreshToken = auth.generateRefreshToken({ user: req.body.token.user, franchise: req.body.token.franchise })\n    //generate new accessToken and refreshTokens\n    res.json({ accessToken: accessToken, refreshToken: refreshToken })\n});\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can now add these two endpoints to the API by including it in \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.4.3 Add routes for login\napp.use(&quot;/&quot;, login);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENote how in the login endpoint we are comparing the stored hashed passwords with a hash of the passed in password, meaning we are never storing plaintext passwords in the database, and the only time we are handling the plaintext password is in this method. Again this makes it important to ensure that the communication between the frontend and the backend is secured using HTTPS in a production scenario.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ESince we already created users in the first lab and stored hashed passwords for them in the database, we can try out the login endpoint to get an access token:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Ecurl -X POST http://localhost:3000/login -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;user2&quot;,&quot;password&quot;:&quot;password120&quot;}'\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can inspect the content of the JWT tokens using \u003Ca href=\"https://JWT.io\"\u003EJWT.io\u003C/a\u003E, paste it in and inspect the payload. It should contain something like this in the payload part:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-json\"\u003E{\n  &quot;user&quot;: &quot;user2&quot;,\n  &quot;franchise&quot;: &quot;120&quot;,\n  &quot;iat&quot;: 1681417090,\n  &quot;exp&quot;: 1681418290\n}\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EJust for reference, the users that were created in the earlier database set up lab are the following:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Cthead\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Cth colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003EUser name\u003C/th\u003E\u003Cth colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003EHashed password\u003C/th\u003E\u003Cth colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003EFranchise id\u003C/th\u003E\u003Cth colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003EPlaintext password\u003C/th\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/thead\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003Euser1\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003E$2b$10$3/teX....iH7NI1SjoTjhi74a\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003E1\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003Epassword1\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003Euser2\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003E$2b$10$9wdGi....U8qeK/nX3c9HV8VW\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003E120\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003Epassword120\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003Euser3\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003E$2b$10$CNZif....IXZFepwrGtZbGqIO\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003E271\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"\u003Epassword271\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n","\u003Ch4\u003EValidating tokens\u003C/h4\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe can now add a validation of the token that should now be included in each call to the backend by adding a middleware to the routes.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ccode\u003Eauth.js\u003C/code\u003E we have a method to validate a token, meaning that the backen can look at a supplied token and verify that is was actually signed using the same secret we generated earlier.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E    validateToken: function (req, res, next) {\n        ..\n        jwt.verify(token, process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, (err, user) =&gt; {\n            if (err) {\n                res.status(403).send(&quot;Token invalid&quot;)\n            }\n            else {\n                req.user = user\n                next() //proceed to the next action in the calling function\n            }\n        });\n    },\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThis function can now be added as route middleware (meaning they will be executed as part of the request/response chain), to \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E like this:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.4.4 Add validation of tokens to each route\napp.use(auth.validateToken);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThis validates the JWT token and picks up the user and franchise that should be set in it, we can now access the data in the \u003Ccode\u003Ereq.user\u003C/code\u003E variable in our endpoints.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIt's important that this is actually added after the route for \u003Ccode\u003E/login\u003C/code\u003E, otherwise it will actually try to validate the token as you are trying to login to get a token (creating an impossible situation). In Node Express the order in which we add routes and middleware is important to keep track of.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ccode\u003Eauth.js\u003C/code\u003E we also have a method to validate that the user has access to the franchise that is requested in the route, meaning that if you log in with a user with a \u003Ccode\u003Efranchise_id\u003C/code\u003E we simply verify that you in the queries are trying to access that franchise (if not we will throw back an Unauthorized status for the request) :\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E    validateAccess: function (req, res, next) {\n        if (req.user &amp;&amp; req.user.franchise) {\n            const franchise = req.params.franchise\n            if (franchise == req.user.franchise) {\n                res.franchise = req.user.franchise\n                next()\n            } else if (franchise == undefined) {\n                next()\n            }\n            else {\n                res.status(403).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' })\n            }\n        }\n        else {\n            res.status(403).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });\n        }\n    }\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow go ahead and add this to each endpoint in \u003Ccode\u003E/routes/franchise.js\u003C/code\u003E:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Erouter.get('/:franchise/countries/', auth.validateToken, (req, res) =&gt; {\n    // 4.3.2 Parse parameters and connect to Snowflake a return query response    \n\n    ...\n});\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETest this out by calling an endpoint, using \u003Ccode\u003Ecurl\u003C/code\u003E and supplying the access token we got earlier when testing the \u003Ccode\u003Elogin\u003C/code\u003E endpoint:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Ecurl http://localhost:3000/ -H &quot;Accept: application/json&quot; -H &quot;Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1....ceiHArwUcaA8&quot;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENeed help with this step?\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a \u003Ccode\u003Egit\u003C/code\u003E command to grab it from the repo. In the \u003Ccode\u003E/backend\u003C/code\u003E folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run \u003Ccode\u003Egit checkout -- ./backend\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 4.5 Adding CORS to the API\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ESince the frontend will be calling the backend from another host, we need to add allowed origins for requests to the backend.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the development of this lab we are using \u003Ccode\u003Elocalhost:3000\u003C/code\u003E for the backend and \u003Ccode\u003Elocalhost:3001\u003C/code\u003E for the frontend, when deployed they would have some different hostnames.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFor security reasons, browsers restrict cross-origin HTTP requests initiated from scripts, meaning that if we don&rsquo;t explicitly allow another origin, like \u003Ccode\u003Elocalhost:3001\u003C/code\u003E to request a resource from our API it will be blocked.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe solve this in Node Express by adding the \u003Ccode\u003Ecors\u003C/code\u003E package to the application and then configuring the allowed origins.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ERight before we start the server in \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E, add the following to allow CORS (Cross Origin Request Scripting) for the frontend that we will later build:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.5.1 add CORS to the app\ncors_origin = 'http://localhost:3001'\napp.use(cors({\n    origin: [cors_origin]\n}));\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENeed help with this step?\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a \u003Ccode\u003Egit\u003C/code\u003E command to grab it from the repo. In the \u003Ccode\u003E/backend\u003C/code\u003E folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run \u003Ccode\u003Egit checkout -- ./backend\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 4.6 Finalizing the API\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe backend is now ready to be used by the frontend. We can do some final updates to the API to make it easier to manage and making it a little more flexible.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFirst, we move all configuration in \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.js\u003C/code\u003E to an environment file. This will help us when are deploying it somwhere else. Replace the old code for \u003Ccode\u003Ecors_origin\u003C/code\u003E and all the way to the call for \u003Ccode\u003Eapp.listen(...)\u003C/code\u003E with this:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E// 4.5.1 add CORS to the app\ncors_origin = process.env.CORS_ADDRESS ?? 'http://localhost:3001'\napp.use(cors({\n    origin: [cors_origin]\n}));\n\nport = process.env.PORT ?? 3000\napp.listen(port, () =&gt; {    \n    console.log('Server running on port ' + port);\n    console.log('Environment: ' + app.get('env'))\n    console.log('CORS origin allowed: ' + cors_origin)\n});\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ESince we may want to test out the API, without having to add a bearer token to the request header (which is not possible with a regular browser window), we can add a simple way to bypass the validation. We only allow this when the API is running in development mode however.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo enable this, we can add a \u003Ccode\u003ENODE_ENV\u003C/code\u003E variable to our \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E file. If that is set to \u003Ccode\u003Edevelopment\u003C/code\u003E then we will bypass the token validation and use a preset user and franchise (\u003Ccode\u003EDEV_AUTH_USER\u003C/code\u003E and \u003Ccode\u003EDEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE\u003C/code\u003E variables, also in the \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E file). This is great for testing and development, but should of course not be present in the production deployment of the API.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EAdd these 3 variables to your \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E file. The final \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E file would then look like this:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003EACCOUNT=my_account_123\nUSERNAME=tasty_app_api_user\nDATABASE=FROSTBYTE_TASTY_BYTES\nSCHEMA=RAW_POS\nWAREHOUSE=TASTY_DATA_APP_WH\n\nACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET=0b5191c5f9257c3999d1c7d1324e66f6af9a187881b52e2a4117afe6c7f901329e0a6ba1bebc5d5ea9e6a98984e288f12bb29950b77c4d98075dba87bdb6c5bb\nREFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET=b8f994547e66fa6cecf3e02ab35275616d900368fe0ca2ac6bf4342ff63abef7d093d6f4d6e574f7d44ee30ea54f6716c6f1c5bef23e61ab9888fccb061ba9f4\n\nPORT=3000\nCORS_ADDRESS=http://localhost:3001\nNODE_ENV=development\nDEV_AUTH_USER=user1\nDEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE=1\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENext, in the \u003Ccode\u003Eauth.js\u003C/code\u003E file we can update the \u003Ccode\u003EvalidateToken\u003C/code\u003E function:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003E    validateToken: function (req, res, next) {\n        //get token from request header\n        const authHeader = req.headers[&quot;authorization&quot;]\n        if (authHeader == null) {\n            // 4.6.2 Allow for development mode bypass of token validation\n            environment = process.env.NODE_ENV\n            if('development'==environment){\n                if (process.env.DEV_AUTH_USER){\n                    console.warn('Development mode: no auth header found, accepting user &quot;' + process.env.DEV_AUTH_USER + '&quot; from environment variables with franchise ' + process.env.DEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE)\n                    req.user = {user:process.env.DEV_AUTH_USER, franchise:process.env.DEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE}\n                    next()\n                    return\n                }\n            }\n            res.status(400).send(&quot;Auth header not present&quot;)\n            return\n        }\n        const token = authHeader.split(&quot; &quot;)[1]\n        //the request header contains the token &quot;Bearer &lt;token&gt;&quot;, split the string and use the second value in the split array.\n        if (token == null) res.status(400).send(&quot;Token not present&quot;)\n        jwt.verify(token, process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, (err, user) =&gt; {\n            if (err) {\n                res.status(403).send(&quot;Token invalid&quot;)\n            }\n            else {\n                req.user = user\n                next()            \n            }\n        });\n    },\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Cblockquote\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENeed help with this step?\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a \u003Ccode\u003Egit\u003C/code\u003E command to grab it from the repo. In the \u003Ccode\u003E/backend\u003C/code\u003E folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run \u003Ccode\u003Egit checkout -- ./backend\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/blockquote\u003E\n&lt;!-- ------------------------ --&gt;\n","\u003Ch2\u003ELab 5: Stressing and Scaling your Snowflake instance\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EOverview\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn this lab we want to test the scalability of the API.  We want to ensure that when the workload increases, Snowflake scales out to meet that need.  To test this we are going to run the same stress test against our API twice.  The first time we run the test will be with a single cluster warehouse (as it is now, min and a max size are both set to 1).  The second time we run the test will be with a multi-cluster warehouse (MCW)\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFor the tests we are going to be using \u003Ca href=\"https://www.artillery.io/\"\u003Eartillery.io\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn order to use artillery we will need to install it.  Make sure you are in the backend directory of the project and on the command line execute the following statement.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-nodejs\"\u003Enpm install -g artillery\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EConduct the test (single cluster warehouse)\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo run our test we need to define what that test looks like. This definition is the same for both tests so we compare apples and apples. In our project we go to the \u003Ccode\u003E/backend/load_test\u003C/code\u003E directory and find the \u003Ccode\u003Eload_test.yaml\u003C/code\u003E file which describes the test we are about to perform\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-yaml\"\u003Econfig:\n  target: &quot;http://localhost:3000&quot;\n  http:\n      # Responses have to be sent within 180 seconds, or an `ETIMEDOUT` error gets raised.\n      timeout: 180  \n  processor: &quot;./load_test/load_test_helper.js&quot;\n  phases:\n      arrivalRate: 10\n      rampTo: 50\n      \nscenarios:\n  - name: &quot;Get basic data&quot;\n    flow:\n      - post:\n          url: &quot;/login&quot;\n          json:\n            name: &quot;user2&quot;\n            password: &quot;password120&quot;\n          capture:\n           - json: &quot;$.accessToken&quot;\n             as: &quot;accessToken&quot;\n      - loop:\n          - function: &quot;generateRandomDate&quot;\n          - get:\n              url: &quot;/franchise/120/countries?start={{ startDate }}&amp;end={{ endDate }}&quot;\n              headers:\n                Authorization: &quot;Bearer {{ accessToken }}&quot;\n              afterResponse: &quot;printStatus&quot;\n          - think: 1\n        count: 5   \n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003Econfig\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003Etarget: The API url we are targetting\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eduration: How long does the test last (secs)\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EarrivalRate: new users to add every second\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Escenarios\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eflow.post.url: endpoint we hit using (POST)\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eflow.post.json.name: pass in the username\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eflow.post.json.password: pass in the password\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eflow.post.capture.json: capture the returned access token\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eloop: we are going to execute the next step a number of times\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eloop.get.url: endpoint we hit using (GET)\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003Eloop.get.headers.Authorization: pass in the authorization header using the token retrieved earlier\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ERun the Test\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow let's go ahead and run the test.  Before we do let's capture the current_timestamp so we can use it in your queries later and make filtering really easy.  Grab the return from the following statement\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT current_timestamp();\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003Efrom the backend directory of the project go ahead and execute the following\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-nodejs\"\u003Enpx artillery run ./load_test/load_test.yaml\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ETest Completed\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EOur test is complete and we have two outputs to look at.  One is on your screen from Artillery.  It is telling you things like the number of requests issued, the rate we issued queries, the result codes and how many vUsers were created.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe other way to look at this is inside Snowflake.  We want to see if the warehouse scaled out and executed queries on those scaled out clusters.\nLet's first look from the perspective of the warehouse.  In Snowsight run the following query the filters by the warehouse name and suitable duration in the past.  In this test there should be no rows returned\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT * FROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.WAREHOUSE_EVENTS_HISTORY \nWHERE CLUSTER_NUMBER &gt; 0\nAND WAREHOUSE_NAME = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND TIMESTAMP &gt;= '&lt;insert value we captured earlier&gt;'\nORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC; \n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe other persective is from the perspective of the queries we executed.  For that we can run the following query in Snowsight that again filters by the warehouse and timeframe.  What did those wait times look like?  There are other metrics available in the QUERY_HISTORY view that are not included below for brevity but if you are feeling curious then you can add them to the query also.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT \n    Query_ID,\n    start_time, \n    end_time, \n    total_elapsed_time,\n    EXECUTION_TIME,\n    queued_overload_time,    \n    queued_overload_time + execution_time as how_the_times_add_up,    \n    cluster_number,\n    warehouse_name,\n    execution_status,\n    QUEUED_PROVISIONING_TIME,\n    queued_repair_time,\n    child_queries_wait_time\nFROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.QUERY_HISTORY\nWHERE warehouse_name = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND start_time &gt;= '&lt;insert value we captured earlier&gt;'\nORDER BY start_time DESC; \n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow let's change the warehouse into a MCW and rerun the test.  In Snowsight execute the following.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003EALTER WAREHOUSE &lt;insert name of your warehouse&gt; SET MAX_CLUSTER_COUNT = 10;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the code above we will allow Snowflake to scale out our warehouse to 10 clusters.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EConduct the tests (Multi-Cluster Warehouse)\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow let's go ahead and run the test again.  Before we do let's capture the current_timestamp once more so we can use it in your queries later and make filtering really easy.  Grab the return from the following statement\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT current_timestamp();\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003Efrom the backend directory of the project go ahead and execute the following\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-nodejs\"\u003Enpx artillery run load_test.yaml\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ETest Completed\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EOur test is complete and we again have two outputs to look at.  One is on the screen from Artillery.  Can you see a difference in the output?\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe other is inside Snowflake.  We want to see if the warehouse scaled out and executed queries on those scaled out clusters.\nLet's first look from the perspective of the warehouse.  In Snowsight run the following query that filters by the warehouse name and suitable duration in the past.  If the warehouse scaled then we should see rows returned:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT * FROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.WAREHOUSE_EVENTS_HISTORY \nWHERE CLUSTER_NUMBER &gt; 0\nAND WAREHOUSE_NAME = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND TIMESTAMP &gt;= '&lt;insert value we captured earlier&gt;'\nORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC; \n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003Eand the other persective is from the perspective of the queries we executed.  For that we can run the following query in Snowsight that again filters by the warehouse and timeframe and also looks for cluster numbers &gt; 1 (i.e. scale out clusters)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003ESELECT \n    Query_ID,\n    start_time, \n    end_time, \n    total_elapsed_time,\n    EXECUTION_TIME,\n    queued_overload_time,    \n    queued_overload_time + execution_time as how_the_times_add_up,    \n    cluster_number,\n    warehouse_name,\n    execution_status,\n    QUEUED_PROVISIONING_TIME,\n    queued_repair_time,\n    child_queries_wait_time\nFROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.QUERY_HISTORY\nWHERE warehouse_name = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND cluster_number &gt; 1\nAND start_time &gt;= '&lt;insert value we captured earlier&gt;'\nORDER BY start_time DESC; \n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Ch4\u003EHere is an example test result\u003C/h4\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003E--Capture output before test starts\nSELECT current_timestamp();\nSET load_test_start_time = '&lt;captured value&gt;';-- i.e 2023-05-30 08:31:03.502 -0700\n\n--Capture output after test finishes\nSELECT current_timestamp();\nSET load_test_end_time = '&lt;captured value&gt;';-- i.e 2023-05-30 08:33:03.502 -0700\n\n--Now execute the following\nWITH query_times AS (    \n    SELECT \n        Query_ID,\n        CASE WHEN cluster_number IS NULL THEN 'Cache' ELSE cluster_number::varchar END as cluster_number,\n        time_slice(start_time::timestamp,10,'SECOND') as slice\n    FROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.QUERY_HISTORY\n    WHERE warehouse_name = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\n    AND start_time &gt;= $load_test_start_time\n    AND start_time &lt;= $load_test_end_time\n)\nSELECT\n    count(query_id) as query_count,\n    cluster_number,\n    slice\nFROM query_times\ngroup by cluster_number, slice\nORDER BY slice DESC;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThey say a picture paints a thousand words so here is a graph from Snowsight that shows the cluster scale throughout the test.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/MCW.png\" alt=\"MCW Scale\"\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n&lt;!-- ------------------------ --&gt;\n","\u003Ch2\u003ELab 6: Frontend Overview\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThis lab will take you through building a React JS frontend that can then be displayed in your favorite browser. The frontend will connect to the backend API which then connects to the Snowflake database and serves the results of queries over a number of API endpoints. The query results are then rendered in the browser as charts which are then easily consumed by the end users.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe will take the API Endpoints designed in the \u003Ca href=\"#lab-4-backend-overview\"\u003EData API Lab\u003C/a\u003E and display charts on the web page.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn this lab we are not securing the communication using HTTPS, but in a production environment this should be added.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 6.1: Setting up the code\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe starting code for this lab is in the GitHub repository we cloned earlier. For this lab we will use the \u003Ccode\u003Efrontend\u003C/code\u003E subdirectory from the main directory. Open this folder in an IDE (like VSCode).\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe will start by adding the Node dependencies to the project. In a new terminal window, change to the \u003Ccode\u003Efrontend\u003C/code\u003E directory\nand run the following:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Enpm i react\nnpm i react-bootstrap\nnpm i recharts\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo configure the application, copy the example file \u003Ccode\u003E.env.example\u003C/code\u003E to create a new file in the frontend directory called \u003Ccode\u003E.env\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Ecp .env.example .env\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EStart the server by running:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Enpm start\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThis will start a development web server and you can access the web application in a browser:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sh\"\u003Ehttp://localhost:3001/\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo stop the Web Server, simply terminate the task that started the server, press &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;c&lt;/kbd&gt;\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 6.2: Code layout.\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EBefore making changes, let us understand how the files are organized. Below image show various files in building the Frontend. Some of the files contain the boilerplate code generated when initializing ReactJS appilication.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EAll the required files are in the \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esrc\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E folder. \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esrc/pages\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E folder has the Javascript (.js) and Stylesheet files (.css)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELogin.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, has the HTML and JS code required to render Login page.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELogin.css\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, has the styles on the Login Page.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHome.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, has the HTML and JS code required to render Franchise view. We will be modifying this file to add various charts.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHome.css\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, has the styles on the Franchise view.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDetails.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, has the HTML and JS code required to render Truck Detail view. We will be modifying this file to add various charts.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDetails.css\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, has the styles on the Truck Detail view.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/li\u003E\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 6.3: Building the Franchise Overview UI.\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ELogin to the website using one of the users and passwords from above.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EOn successful Login, the Backend API returns \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFranchise_Id\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E and \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAccessToken\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, we will use them to make subsequent calls to the Backend API.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe can now start building the UI. Let us start with building a Bar Chart for the \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESales for the Top 10 Countries\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. The Backend API end point is \u003Ccode\u003E/franchise/:franchise/countries\u003C/code\u003E, optionally specifying the Start and End dates.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFirst, let us fetch Data from Backend for Sales by Top10 Countries. Update the stubbed method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.1\u003C/em\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Elet [top10Countries, setTop10Countries] = useState([]);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003Eadd the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.2\u003C/em\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Efunction fetchTop10Countries() {\n    const requestOptions = {\n        method: 'GET',\n        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n    };\n    fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/countries?start='+fromDate+'&amp;end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n        .then((result) =&gt; result.json())\n            .then((data) =&gt; {\n                setTop10Countries(data)\n    })\n}\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe are using the \u003Ccode\u003Efranchise\u003C/code\u003E and the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the \u003Ccode\u003ErequestOptions\u003C/code\u003E, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E in the header as a Bearer Token.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe need to update the React UI hooks, so the newly created method is called when the page is requested. Update the \u003Ccode\u003EuseEffect()\u003C/code\u003E method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.3\u003C/em\u003E, to add the following.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003EfetchTop10Countries();\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build the BarChart, to do that, we are using a react library \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Erecharts\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. Add the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.4\u003C/em\u003E to display the chart.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003E&lt;ResponsiveContainer width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;\n    &lt;BarChart\n        layout='vertical'\n        width={700}\n        height={0}\n        data={top10Countries}\n        margin={{top: 15, right: 15, left: 25, bottom: 5,}}&gt;\n        &lt;XAxis type=&quot;number&quot; dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; tickFormatter={tickFormater}&gt;\n        &lt;/XAxis&gt;                            \n        &lt;YAxis type=&quot;category&quot; dataKey=&quot;COUNTRY&quot;&gt;\n        &lt;/YAxis&gt;\n        &lt;Tooltip formatter={(value) =&gt; 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /&gt;\n        &lt;Bar dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; fill=&quot;#548bf2&quot;&gt;\n            &lt;LabelList dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; position=&quot;insideRight&quot; fill='white' formatter={labelFormatter} /&gt;\n        &lt;/Bar&gt;\n    &lt;/BarChart&gt;\n&lt;/ResponsiveContainer&gt;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EAt this point, if you save your changes and check the web browser it should display the \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESales for the Top 10 Countries\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. Make Sure your development Web Server is still running.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow uet us add a Bar Chart for the \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESales for the Top 10 Trucks\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. The Backend API end point is \u003Ccode\u003E/franchise/:franchise/trucks\u003C/code\u003E, optionally specifying the Start and End dates.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ELet us fetch Data from Backend for Sales by Top10 Trucks. In this method, since we are fetching Top Trucks, we will add a little bit of complexity to store unique list of Trucks. Update the stubbed method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.5\u003C/em\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Elet [top10Trucks, setTop10Trucks] = useState([]); //used to hold Sales of the Top 10 Trucks\nlet [trucks, setTrucks] = useState([]); // used to hold unique Trucks brands.\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003Eadd the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.6\u003C/em\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Efunction fetchTop10Trucks() {\n    const requestOptions = {\n            method: 'GET',\n            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n    };\n    fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/trucks?start='+fromDate+'&amp;end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n        .then((result) =&gt; result.json())\n            .then((data) =&gt; {\n                setTop10Trucks(data)\n                let t = [];\n\n                for (let i=0; i&lt;data.length; i++) {\n                    t.push(data[i].TRUCK_BRAND_NAME);\n                }\n                setTrucks(t);\n        })\n}\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe are using the \u003Ccode\u003Efranchise\u003C/code\u003E and the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the \u003Ccode\u003ErequestOptions\u003C/code\u003E, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E in the header as a Bearer Token.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EUpdate the \u003Ccode\u003EuseEffect()\u003C/code\u003E method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.7\u003C/em\u003E, to add the following.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003EfetchTop10Trucks();\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build the BarChart, to do that, we are using a react library \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Erecharts\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. Add the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.8\u003C/em\u003E to display the chart.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003E&lt;ResponsiveContainer width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;\n    &lt;BarChart\n        layout='horizontal'\n        width={700}\n        height={0}\n        data={top10Trucks}\n        margin={{top: 15, right: 15, left: 25, bottom: 5,}}&gt;\n        &lt;XAxis type=&quot;category&quot; dataKey=&quot;TRUCK_BRAND_NAME&quot; /&gt;\n        &lt;YAxis type=&quot;number&quot; dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot;  tickFormatter={tickFormater} /&gt;                       \n        &lt;Tooltip formatter={(value) =&gt; 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /&gt;\n        &lt;Bar dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; fill=&quot;#548bf2&quot;&gt;\n            &lt;LabelList dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; position=&quot;top&quot; fill='grey' formatter={labelFormatter} /&gt;\n        &lt;/Bar&gt;\n    &lt;/BarChart&gt;\n&lt;/ResponsiveContainer&gt;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ESave your changes and you should see the below chart displayed in your browser running the Web Application.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/chart1.png\" alt=\"Alt text\"\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe final step to finish the page is to add the navigation to go to the Truck Details page, add the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Home.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.3.9\u003C/em\u003E:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Efunction gotoDetails() {\n    navigate('/details', {state: {franchise: franchise, truck_brand_name: top10Trucks[0]['TRUCK_BRAND_NAME'], fromDate: fromDate, toDate:toDate, trucks: trucks, accessToken: location.state.accessToken, refreshToken: location.state.refreshToken}});\n}\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 6.4: Building the Truck Details Page UI.\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe can now start building the Truck details page UI. Let us start with building a Bar Chart for the \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBest Items for a Truck\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. The Backend API end point is \u003Ccode\u003E/franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truck/sales_topitems\u003C/code\u003E, optionally specifying the Start and End dates.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EFirst, let us fetch Data from Backend for Best Items for a Truck. Update the stubbed method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.1\u003C/em\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Elet [topItemsByTruck, setTopItemsByTruck] = useState([]);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003Eadd the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.2\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Efunction fetchTopItemsByTruck() {\n        const requestOptions = {\n            method: 'GET',\n            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n        };\n        fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/trucks/'+truck+'/sales_topitems?start='+fromDate+'&amp;end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n            .then((result) =&gt; result.json())\n                .then((data) =&gt; {\n                    setTopItemsByTruck(data)\n        })\n    }\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe are using the \u003Ccode\u003Efranchise\u003C/code\u003E and the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the \u003Ccode\u003ErequestOptions\u003C/code\u003E, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E in the header as a Bearer Token.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow let us update the React UI hooks, so the newly created method is called when the page is requested. Update the \u003Ccode\u003EuseEffect()\u003C/code\u003E method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.3\u003C/em\u003E, to add the following.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003EfetchTopItemsByTruck();\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build the BarChart, to do that, we are using a react library \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Erecharts\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. Add the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.4\u003C/em\u003E to display the chart.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003E&lt;ResponsiveContainer width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;\n    &lt;BarChart\n        width={700}\n        height={0}\n        data={topItemsByTruck}\n        margin={{top: 15, right: 15, left: 25, bottom: 5,}}&gt;\n        &lt;XAxis type=&quot;category&quot; dataKey=&quot;MENU_ITEM_NAME&quot;&gt;\n        &lt;/XAxis&gt;\n        &lt;YAxis type=&quot;number&quot; dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; tickFormatter={tickFormater}&gt;\n        &lt;/YAxis&gt;\n        &lt;Tooltip formatter={(value) =&gt; 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /&gt;\n        &lt;Bar dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; fill=&quot;#548bf2&quot;&gt;\n            &lt;LabelList dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; position=&quot;top&quot; fill='grey' formatter={labelFormatter} /&gt;\n        &lt;/Bar&gt;\n    &lt;/BarChart&gt;\n&lt;/ResponsiveContainer&gt;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EAt this point, if you save your changes and check the web browser it should display the \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBest Items for a Truck\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. Make Sure your development Web Server is still running.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow uet us add a Bar Chart for the \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESales for day of the week for a truck\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. The Backend API end point is \u003Ccode\u003E/franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truck/sales_dayofweek\u003C/code\u003E, optionally specifying the Start and End dates.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ELet us fetch Data from Backend for Sales for day of the week for a truck. Update the stubbed method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.5\u003C/em\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Elet [salesByDOW, setSalesByDOW] = useState([]);\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003Eadd the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.6\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003Efunction fetchSalesByDOW() {\n    const requestOptions = {\n        method: 'GET',\n        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n    };\n    fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/trucks/'+truck+'/sales_dayofweek?start='+fromDate+'&amp;end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n        .then((result) =&gt; result.json())\n            .then((data) =&gt; {\n                setSalesByDOW(data)\n    })\n}\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EWe are using the \u003Ccode\u003Efranchise\u003C/code\u003E and the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EIn the \u003Ccode\u003ErequestOptions\u003C/code\u003E, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the \u003Ccode\u003EaccessToken\u003C/code\u003E in the header as a Bearer Token.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow let us update the React UI hooks, so the newly created method is called when the page is requested. Update the \u003Ccode\u003EuseEffect()\u003C/code\u003E method in \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.7\u003C/em\u003E, to add the following.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-js\"\u003EfetchSalesByDOW();\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ENow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build an AreaChart, to do that, we are using a react library \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Erecharts\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E. Add the following code to \u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epages/Details.js\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E as \u003Cem\u003E6.4.8\u003C/em\u003E to display the chart.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003E&lt;ResponsiveContainer width=&quot;100%&quot; height=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;\n    &lt;AreaChart\n        width={500}\n        height={400}\n        data={salesByDOW}\n        margin={{\n            top: 10,\n            right: 30,\n            left: 0,\n            bottom: 0,\n        }}&gt;\n        &lt;XAxis dataKey=&quot;DOW&quot; tickFormatter={dayofWeek} /&gt;\n        &lt;YAxis tickFormatter={tickFormater} /&gt;\n        &lt;Tooltip formatter={(value) =&gt; 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /&gt;\n        &lt;Area type=&quot;monotone&quot; dataKey=&quot;REVENUE&quot; stroke=&quot;#548bf2&quot; fill=&quot;#548bf2&quot; activeDot={{ r: 8 }} /&gt;\n    &lt;/AreaChart&gt;\n&lt;/ResponsiveContainer&gt;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EYou should see the below chart displayed in your browser running the Web Application.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Truck_Details_Screen.png\" alt=\"Alt text\"\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ELab 6.5: Use the Website.\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe web application has 3 pages (Login Page, Franchise Page and Truck Details Page)\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELogin as User\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, is the way for a user to be validated and also establish a session in the Backend for the user. This is a simple page, when user enters their username and password and press Login button, user is authenticated and is navigated to the Franchise View.\n\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Login_Screen.png\" alt=\"Alt text\"\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFranchise View\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, displays various charious charts like Sales for Top 10 Countries, Sales from Top 10 Trucks and the YTD revuenue for the \u003Cem\u003EFranchise\u003C/em\u003E. On this page, user is presented with 2 date pickers to choose Start and End Dates which are used for filtering the data.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe user can then navigate to the Truck Details page by clicking on the Truck Details button on the top right.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Home_Screen.png\" alt=\"Alt text\"\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETruck Details View\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/em\u003E, displays various charts like Top Items, Sales by Day-of-Week, Best Sellers by Day-of-Week, Best Cities by Day-of-Week for the selected \u003Cem\u003EFranchise\u003C/em\u003E and \u003Cem\u003ETruck Brand\u003C/em\u003E. On this page, the user is presented with the same 2 date pickers from the previous page. In addition, the user has the option to choose a Truck Brand.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThe user can navigate back to the Franchise page, by clicking on the \u003Cem\u003EBack to Overview\u003C/em\u003E button on the top right.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Truck_Details_Screen.png\" alt=\"Alt text\"\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n&lt;!-- ------------------------ --&gt;\n","\u003Ch2\u003ELab 7: Cleanup\u003C/h2\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EFront End\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003EThere isn't very much to clean up or tear down after this lab. When you don't need the frontend any more stop the development web server, simply by terminating the task that started the server, press &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;c&lt;/kbd&gt;.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003EBack End\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo make sure that the backend is not running any more, simply terminate the task that started the server, press &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;c&lt;/kbd&gt;.\u003C/p\u003E\n","\u003Ch3\u003ESnowflake Database\u003C/h3\u003E\n","\u003Cp\u003ETo clean up your Snowflake environment you can run the following SQL Statements.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cpre\u003E\u003Ccode class=\"language-sql\"\u003Edrop database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\ndrop warehouse query_wh;\ndrop warehouse load_wh;\ndrop warehouse tasty_app_api_wh;\ndrop user tasty_app_api_user;\ndrop role tasty_app_api_role;\n\u003C/code\u003E\u003C/pre\u003E"],"title":"Build a Data App with Snowflake","isDeveloperGuidesPage":false,":type":"snowflake-site/components/contentfragment",":items":{},":itemsOrder":[],"elements":{"quickstartArticleBody":{"dataType":"string","title":"Quickstart Article Body","value":"\u003C!-- ------------------------ --\u003E\n## Overview \n\nSnowflake is a terrific platform on which to build data applications. The unique characteristics and\ncloud-based design allow for building applications that scale with data and workload. This tutorial\nwill go through how to build and deploy both the Processing Layer and the User Interface Layer paired\nwith Snowflake as the Persistence Layer.\n\nOur example will be using a fictional food truck franchise website, Tasty Bytes. We will be building\na graphical user interface with charts and graphs for franshisees to be able to examine sales data related\nto their franchise of food trucks. After logging in via a login page, each franchisee will have one page \nthat will show metrics at the franchise level, and another that will show metrics around the food truck \nbrands for that franchise.\n\nThe Processing and User Interface Layers will be built using Node.js. The dataset is a orders history\nfor Tasty Bytes. \n\n### Prerequisites\n- A Snowflake account, and familiarity with the Snowsight interface\n- Privileges necessary to create a user, database, and warehouse in Snowflake\n- Ability to install and run software on your computer\n- Basic experience using git\n- Intermediate knowledge of Node.js and React JS\n\n### What You’ll Learn \n- How to configure and build a custom API Powered by Snowflake, written in Node.js\n- How to configure and build a custom frontend website to communicate with the API, written in React and Node.js\n- How to run and test the frontend and API on your machine\n\n### What You’ll Need \n- [VSCode](https://code.visualstudio.com/download) Installed\n- [Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git) Installed\n- [NodeJS](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) Installed\n- [NPM](https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-node-js-and-npm) Installed\n\n\u003E \n\u003E **Installing Using NVM**\n\u003E \n\u003E  Node Version Manager provides the ability to have multiple versions of Node installed on your local environment.  This can be helpful so that you can complete this lab without impacting any existing Node setup that you have on your machine. \n\u003E NVM can be found here: [https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm)\n\u003E \n\u003E To run this lab you will want to utilize Node 18.16.0 which can be installed using the following command after NVM has been installed: `nvm install 18.16.0`\n\n### What You’ll Build \n- API Powered by Snowflake built in Node.js\n- React JS Web Application that connects to that API\n\n\n\u003C!-- ------------------------ --\u003E\n## Lab 1: Data\n\n### Overview\nIn this part of the lab we'll set up our Snowflake account, create database structures to house our data, create a Virtual Warehouse to use for data loading and finally load our Tasty Bytes Food Truck orders data into our ORDERS table and run a few queries to get familiar with the data.\n\n\n### Step 1.1 Initial Snowflake Setup\n\nFor this part of the lab we will want to ensure we run all steps as the ACCOUNTADMIN role \n```sql\n-- Change role to accountadmin\nuse role accountadmin;\n```\n\nFirst we can create a [Virtual Warehouse](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/warehouses-overview) that can be used for data exploration and general querying in this lab.  We'll create this warehouse with a size of `Medium` which is right sized for that use case in this lab.  \n```sql\n-- Create a virtual warehouse for data exploration\ncreate or replace warehouse query_wh with \n\twarehouse_size = 'medium' \n\twarehouse_type = 'standard' \n\tauto_suspend = 300 \n\tauto_resume = true \n\tmin_cluster_count = 1 \n\tmax_cluster_count = 1 \n\tscaling_policy = 'standard';\n```\n\n### Step 1.2 Load Data\n\nNext we will create a database and schema that will house the tables that store our application data.\n```sql\n-- Create the application database and schema\ncreate or replace database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\ncreate or replace schema app;\n```\n\nThis DDL will create the structure for the ORDERS table which is the main source of data for our application in this lab. \n```sql\n-- Create table structure for order data \ncreate or replace table orders (\n\torder_id number(38,0),\n\ttruck_id number(38,0),\n\torder_ts timestamp_ntz(9),\n\torder_detail_id number(38,0),\n\tline_number number(38,0),\n\ttruck_brand_name varchar(16777216),\n\tmenu_type varchar(16777216),\n\tprimary_city varchar(16777216),\n\tregion varchar(16777216),\n\tcountry varchar(16777216),\n\tfranchise_flag number(38,0),\n\tfranchise_id number(38,0),\n\tfranchisee_first_name varchar(16777216),\n\tfranchisee_last_name varchar(16777216),\n\tlocation_id number(19,0),\n\tcustomer_id number(38,0),\n\tfirst_name varchar(16777216),\n\tlast_name varchar(16777216),\n\te_mail varchar(16777216),\n\tphone_number varchar(16777216),\n\tchildren_count varchar(16777216),\n\tgender varchar(16777216),\n\tmarital_status varchar(16777216),\n\tmenu_item_id number(38,0),\n\tmenu_item_name varchar(16777216),\n\tquantity number(5,0),\n\tunit_price number(38,4),\n\tprice number(38,4),\n\torder_amount number(38,4),\n\torder_tax_amount varchar(16777216),\n\torder_discount_amount varchar(16777216),\n\torder_total number(38,4)\n);\n```\n\nFor loading data into the ORDERS table we will create a new Virtual Warehouse sized as a `Large` to help us quickly ingest the data we have stored in an S3 bucket. \n```sql\n-- Create a virtual warehouse for data loading\ncreate or replace warehouse load_wh with \n\twarehouse_size = 'large' \n\twarehouse_type = 'standard' \n\tauto_suspend = 300 \n\tauto_resume = true \n\tmin_cluster_count = 1 \n\tmax_cluster_count = 1 \n\tscaling_policy = 'standard';\n```\nNext we have to create a [STAGE](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/data-load-overview) which is a Snowflake object that points to a cloud storage location Snowflake can access to both ingest and query data.  In this lab the data is stored in a publically accessible AWS S3 bucket which we are referencing when creating the Stage object. \n```sql\n-- Create stage for loading orders data\ncreate or replace stage tasty_bytes_app_stage\n\turl = 's3://sfquickstarts/frostbyte_tastybytes/app/orders/';\n```\nOnce we've created both the Virtual Warehouse we want to use for loading data and the Stage which points to where the data resides in cloud storage we can simply [COPY](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/copy-into-table) the data from that Stage into our ORDERS table. \n```sql\n-- Copy data into orders table using the load wh\n copy into orders from @tasty_bytes_app_stage;\n```\n\n\n### Step 1.3 Explore Data\nNow that we've loaded our data into the ORDERS table we can run a few queries to get familiar with it - but first we will want to change the Virtual Warehouse we're using from the `LOAD_WH` back to the `QUERY_WH` created earlier in the lab. \n```sql\n-- Change our Virtual Warehouse context to use our query_wh\n use warehouse query_wh;\n```\n\nTo begin with we can simply look at a sample of the entire table.\n```sql \n-- Simple query to look at 10 rows of data \nselect * from orders limit 10;\n```\n\nNext we can see how many records we've loaded into the table.  Notice how quickly the query executes - this is due to Snowflake's unique architecture which enables a certain class of queries like this one to pull results from metadata instead of requiring compute to generate the result. You should see that the table has a little more than 231M rows.\n```sql \n-- Query to count all records in the table\nselect count(*) from orders;\n```\n\nNext we can see the date range included in our data. You should see that the data ranges from `2022-01-01` to `2022-10-31`.\n```sql\n-- Query to find the date range of the data\nselect min(order_ts), max(order_ts) from orders;\n```\n\nFinally we can run a more complex query to look at the total revenue by month where we will use a couple of [functions](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference-functions) to parse the month number and name from the ORDER_TS column in the ORDERS table. \n```sql\n-- Sales by month\nselect month(order_ts),monthname(order_ts), sum(price)\nfrom orders \ngroup by month(order_ts), monthname(order_ts)\norder by month(order_ts);\n```\n\n## Lab 2: Queries\n\n### Overview\nNow that we've done the initial set up within our Snowflake account including loading data into the ORDERS table we will focus on turning our business questions into queries for our application.  \n\nOur queries will be broken into two groups - `Franchise` queries and `Truck Brand` level queries.  For the sake of ease we will focus on the following Franchise, Truck Brand, and Date Range for this part of the lab.\n\n* Franchise:  `1`\n* Truck Brand: `Guac n' Roll`\n* Date Range: `2022-01-01` to `2022-03-31`\n\n### Setting Snowsight Context\nTo ensure the correct context is use for these queries we will set our database, schema, and Virtual Warehouse using the following SQL:\n```sql\n-- Set query context\nuse database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\nuse schema app;\nuse warehouse query_wh;\n```\n\n### 2.1 Franchise Queries\nTo answer the business questions about how our overall Franchise business is doing we'll need create the three following queries.  All of the columns required for these exist in the `ORDERS` table and no joining of tables are required. \n\n1. Top 10 Countries Based on Revenue for Franchise 1 in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\n2. Top 10 Truck Brands Based on Revenue for Franchise 1 in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\n3. Monthly Revenue for Franchise 1 for the year 2023 per Truck Brand\n\nYou can spend some time creating the queries for each of these and then check your answers against the provided queries below by expanding each section. \n\n\u003Cdetails\u003E\n    \u003Csummary\u003ETop 10 Countries Based on Revenue\u003C/summary\u003E\n\n```sql\nSELECT\n    TOP 10 country,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) \u003E= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) \u003C= '2022-03-31'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    country\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n```\n\u003C/details\u003E\n\n\u003Cdetails\u003E\n    \u003Csummary\u003ETop 10 Truck Brands Based on Revenue\u003C/summary\u003E\n\n```sql\nSELECT\n    TOP 10 truck_brand_name,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) \u003E= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) \u003C= '2022-03-31'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    truck_brand_name\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n```\n\u003C/details\u003E\n\n\u003Cdetails\u003E\n    \u003Csummary\u003EMontly Revenue per Truck Brand\u003C/summary\u003E\n\n```sql\nSELECT\n    country,\n    month(order_ts) as date,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n        year(order_ts) = 2022\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    country,\n    month(order_ts)\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n```\n\u003C/details\u003E\n\n\n### 2.2 Truck Brand Queries\nFranchise owners will want to dig deeper into the data and better understand performance trends at the Truck Brand level so we'll need to create four more queries to analyze the data.  All of the columns required for these exist in the `ORDERS` table and no joining of tables are required. \n\n1. Total Sales by Day-of-Week for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\n2. Menu Items sorted by Revenue for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\n3. Menu Items sorted by Revenue by Day-of-Week for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\n4. Cities sorted by Revenue by Day-of-Week for Franchise 1 and the Guac n' Roll brand in the time window 2022-01-01 to 2022-03-31\n\nYou can spend some time creating the queries for each of these and then check your answers against the provided queries below by expanding each section. \n\n\u003Cdetails\u003E\n    \u003Csummary\u003ETotal Sales by Day-of-Week\u003C/summary\u003E\n\n```sql\nSELECT\n    dayofweek(order_ts) as DoW,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) \u003E= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) \u003C= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts)\nORDER BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n        sum(price) desc;\n```\n\u003C/details\u003E\n\n\u003Cdetails\u003E\n    \u003Csummary\u003ETop Selling Items\u003C/summary\u003E\n\n```sql\nSELECT\n    menu_item_name,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) \u003E= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) \u003C= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    menu_item_name\nORDER BY\n    sum(price) desc;\n```\n\u003C/details\u003E\n\n\u003Cdetails\u003E\n    \u003Csummary\u003ETop Selling items by Day-of-Week\u003C/summary\u003E\n\n```sql\nSELECT\n    dayofweek(order_ts) as DoW,\n    menu_item_name,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) \u003E= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) \u003C= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n    menu_item_name\nORDER BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n        sum(price) desc;\n```\n\u003C/details\u003E\n\n\u003Cdetails\u003E\n    \u003Csummary\u003EBest Cities by Day-of-Week\u003C/summary\u003E\n\n```sql\nSELECT\n    dayofweek(order_ts) as DoW,\n    primary_city,\n    sum(price) AS revenue\nFROM\n    app.orders\nWHERE\n    date(order_ts) \u003E= '2022-01-01'\n    AND date(order_ts) \u003C= '2022-03-31'\n    AND truck_brand_name = 'Guac n'' Roll'\n    AND franchise_id = 1\nGROUP BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n    primary_city\nORDER BY\n    dayofweek(order_ts),\n    sum(price) desc;\n```\n\u003C/details\u003E\n\n## Lab 3: Snowflake Setup\n\n### Overview\nNow that we've created our database, loaded data and developed the queries needed to answer our business questions the last step before getting into application code is setting up the necessary objects so that the application can connect to Snowflake securely and query data on its own Virtual Warehouse\n\n### Setting Snowsight Context\nTo ensure the correct context is use for these queries we will set our database, schema, and Virtual Warehouse using the following SQL:\n```sql\n-- Set query context\nuse database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\nuse schema app;\nuse warehouse query_wh;\n```\n\n### Step 3.1 Creating the Service User\n\nTo enable our application to connect securely to Snowflake we are going to create a service user in the Snowflake account and create a key pair that we will use to authenticate that user.\nStart by generating a private and a public key to associate with the user. \n\nGenerate and download the key files [in your browser](https://www.cryptool.org/en/cto/openssl). Running the following commands below in the Web OpenSSL Application window and download the Files generated.\n\nIf you prefer to generate the key files using [openssl](https://www.openssl.org/) locally, run the following commands in your shell.\n\n```sh\n$ openssl genrsa 2048 | openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -out app_user_rsa_key.p8 -nocrypt\nGenerating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)\n\n$ openssl rsa -in app_user_rsa_key.p8 -pubout -out app_user_rsa_key.pub\nwriting RSA key\n\n$ cat app_user_rsa_key.pub\n-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\nMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmT/\n....\n+SWsODZKAhqU8PRAqlXhIQIDAQAB\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n```\nYou should now have two key files in your folder, app_user_rsa_key.p8 and app_user_rsa_key.pub.\nWe can now create the service user in Snowflake, in the Snowflake account you created in the earlier lab (as `ACCOUNTADMIN`), run the following:\n```sql\n-- Change role to accountadmin\nuse role accountadmin;\n\n-- Create a database role for our application\ncreate role tasty_app_api_role;\n\n-- Grant privileges to the newly created role on required database objects\ngrant usage on database frostbyte_tasty_bytes to role tasty_app_api_role;\ngrant usage on schema frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app to role tasty_app_api_role;\ngrant select on all tables in schema frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app to role tasty_app_api_role;\ngrant select on future tables in schema frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app to role tasty_app_api_role;\n\n-- Create the service user\ncreate user if not exists tasty_app_api_user\n    password = null\n    login_name = 'tasty_app_api_user'\n    display_name = 'tasty app api user'\n    first_name = 'tasty app api user'\n    last_name = 'tasty app api user'\n    must_change_password = false\n    disabled = false\n    default_warehouse = tasty_app_api_wh\n    default_namespace = frostbyte_tasty_bytes.app\n    default_role = tasty_app_api_role\n    rsa_public_key = '\u003Crsa_public_key\u003E'\n    comment = 'api user for tasty app';\n\n-- Grant the role to the user\ngrant role tasty_app_api_role to user tasty_app_api_user;\n```\n\nWhere you replace `\u003Crsa_public_key\u003E` with the contents of the `app_user_rsa_key.pub` file you just created locally (copy everything between the `-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----` and the `-----END PUBLIC KEY-----` lines)\n\n### Step 3.2 Creating a Virtual Warehouse for the Application\n\nMuch like we created separate Virtual Warehouses for exploring and loading data, we will create one specifically for our service to use when executing queries on Snowflake. We will also grant the privilege `USAGE` to the service role so that it can use the warehouse. \n\n```sql\n-- Create Warehouse for the API\ncreate or replace warehouse tasty_app_api_wh with \n    warehouse_size = 'small' \n    warehouse_type = 'standard' \n    auto_suspend = 300 \n    auto_resume = true \n    min_cluster_count = 1 \n    max_cluster_count = 1 \n    scaling_policy = 'standard';\n\n-- Grant permission to use the warehouse to the service role\ngrant usage on warehouse tasty_app_api_wh to role tasty_app_api_role;\n```\n\n### Step 3.3 Building the Users Login table\nSince our application will be connecting to Snowflake using a service user, we need a place to store the Franchisee login information and encrypted passwords so the application can authenticate them at login. \n\n```sql\n-- Create Users table for the Website\ncreate or replace table users (\n\tuser_id number(38,0) autoincrement,\n\tuser_name varchar(16777216) not null,\n\thashed_password varchar(16777216),\n\tfranchise_id number(38,0),\n\tpassword_date timestamp_ntz(9),\n\tstatus boolean,\n\tunique (user_name)\n);\n```\n\n```sql\n -- Add Franchisee logins \ninsert into users\n    values\n    (1,'user1','$2b$10$v0IoU/pokkiM13e.eayf1u3DkgtIBMGO1uRO2O.mlb2K2cLztV5vy',1,current_timestamp,TRUE), \n    (2,'user2','$2b$10$e2TXM/kLlazbH1xl31SeOe6RTyfL3E9mE8sZZsU33AE52rO.u44JC',120,current_timestamp,TRUE),\n    (3,'user3','$2b$10$WX4e1LAC.rAabBJV58RuKerEK4T/U4htgXrmedTa5oiGCWIRHwe0e',271,current_timestamp,TRUE);\n```\n\n\u003C!-- ------------------------ --\u003E\n## Lab 4: Building the backend\n\nThis lab will take you through building the backend, in the form of an API, that can be called by the frontend application. The backend API will connect to the Snowflake database and serve the results of queries over a number of API endpoints.\nWe will take the queries designed in the \u003Ca href=\"#3\" target=\"_self\"\u003ELab 3: Snowflake Setup\u003C/a\u003E and have the results of these queries returned by endpoints in the API.\nWe will then secure access to the API using bearer authorization tokens in the form of signed JWTs (Javascript Web Tokens). For this lab we are not securing the communication using HTTPS, but in a production environment this should be added.\n\n### Lab 4.1: Setting up the code\n\nThe starting code for this lab is hosted on GitHub. You can start by cloning the repository into a separate folder if you haven’t done so already as part of the earlier labs.\n```bash\ngit clone https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/sfguide-tasty-bytes-zero-to-app zero-to-app\n```\nChange directory to the `zero-to-app/` directory that is created when you clone the repository. You should now have a directory with subdirectories for the different labs. For this lab we will use the `backend/` directory. Open this directory in an IDE (like VSCode).\n\nWe will start by adding the Node dependencies to the project. In a terminal window run the following:\n```bash\nnpm i express@4.18.2 snowflake-sdk@1.6.22 dotenv@16.1.3 bcrypt@5.1.0 cors@2.8.5 jsonwebtoken@9.0.0\nnpm i nodemon@2.0.22 --save-dev\n```\n\nStart the server by running:\n```sh\nnpm run serve\n```\n\nThis will run the server and you can access the supplied endpoint in a browser, or using curl:\n```sh\ncurl http://localhost:3000\n```\n\nNote that this runs the Node server using `nodemon`, which helps us by restarting the server whenever it detects a change to the code we are working on. However, if you need to stop it, simply press \u003Ckbd\u003ECtrl\u003C/kbd\u003E + \u003Ckbd\u003Ec\u003C/kbd\u003E in the terminal where you started it. Once stopped, if it crashed, or something else happend, you can simply run `npm run serve` again to start it back up. In several steps below you are asked to do additional tasks in the terminal/shell, easiest is often to open an additional terminal window for these and keeping the server running in the first one.\n\n### Lab 4.2: Configuring the connection to Snowflake\n\nWe can now connect to the Snowflake database we created in the earlier lab. To do so we are going to use the service user (`TASTY_APP_API_USER`) in the Snowflake account created in the previous lab. We will need the private key created in \u003Ca href=\"#3\" target=\"_self\"\u003ELab 3: Snowflake Setup\u003C/a\u003E. If you didn't change the location of where that key was created, we can simply reference it in our code. The path `../../app_user_rsa_key.p8` here is the _relative_ path from `app.js` file to the folder where the key was created.\n\nThe code for setting up the connection to Snowflake is contained in the file `connect.js`. Add a reference to this file at the top of `app.js`:\n```js\n// 4.2.1 Set up the connection to Snowflake\nvar connection = require('./connect.js')\n\n```\n\nIn `connect.js`, after starting the server on line 17, add the following:\n```js\n// 4.2.2 get connection details from environment variables\nconst options = {\n    account: process.env.ACCOUNT,\n    username: process.env.USERNAME,\n    authenticator: \"SNOWFLAKE_JWT\",\n    privateKeyPath: \"../../app_user_rsa_key.p8\",\n    database: process.env.DATABASE,\n    schema: process.env.SCHEMA,\n    warehouse: process.env.WAREHOUSE,\n};\n\n// 4.2.3 create the connection to the Snowflake account\nconst connection = snowflake.createConnection(options);\nconnection.connect((err, conn) =\u003E {\n    if (err) {\n        console.error('Unable to connect to Snowflake', err);\n    } else {\n        console.log('Connected to Snowflake account ' + options.account);\n    }\n});\n\nmodule.exports = connection;\n```\n\nAlso create a new file  called `.env` in the `backend` directory by copying the `.env.example` file:\n```sh\ncp .env.example .env\n```\n\nEdit the `.env` file and replace `REPLACE_WITH_ACCOUNT` with the [account identifier](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/admin-account-identifier) of your Snowflake account.\n\nTo now test out the connection, start by replacing the `/` route in the `app.js` file to use the connection we just created, and issue a query:\n```js\napp.get(\"/\", (req, res, next) =\u003E {\n    console.log(req.method + ': ' + req.path);\n    // 4.2.3 Connect to Snowflake and return query result\n    connection.execute({\n        sqlText: sql_queries.all_franchise_names,\n        complete: (err, stmt, rows) =\u003E {\n            if (err) {\n                console.error('Unable to retrieve franchises', err);\n                res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unable to retrieve franchises' });\n            } else {\n                res.status(200).json(rows);\n            }\n        },\n    });\n});\n```\n\nHere we are executing the SQL command that is defined in the `sql.js` file. These are the queries that you developed in the previous lab. This file is included in `app.js` as a requirement at the top of the file:\n```js\n// 4.2.4 Definition of sql queries to execute\nvar sql_queries = require('./sql')\n```\n\nOpen the `sql.js` file and examine the SQL statement being executed. Test this out in a browser [http://localhost:3000/](http://localhost:3000/), or by running a curl command:\n```sh\ncurl http://localhost:3000\n```\n\u003E \n\u003E **Need help with this step?**\n\u003E\n\u003E You can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a `git` command to grab it from the repo. In the `/backend` folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run `git checkout -- ./backend`\n\n---\n### Lab 4.3: Building the endpoints\n\nWe can now add the queries to each endpoint to make them return some more interesting results. Start with the endpoint for getting sales for the top 10 countries. It is contained in the file `/routes/franchise.js`. Start by including this file in `app.js` and add the routes we will define in there to the app:\n```js\n// 4.3.1 Add franchise routes\nconst franchise = require('./routes/franchise.js')\napp.use(\"/franchise\", franchise);\n```\nNow we open `/routes/franchise.js` and update the first route to return the top selling countries for a specified franchise between two dates:\n```js\nrouter.get('/:franchise/countries/', (req, res) =\u003E {\n    // 4.3.2 Parse parameters and connect to Snowflake a return query response    \n    const franchise = req.params.franchise\n    const startdate = utils.parseDate(req.query.start) ?? utils.defaultStartDate();\n    const enddate = utils.parseDate(req.query.end) ?? utils.defaultEndDate();\n\n    console.log('start: ' + startdate + ', end: ' + enddate);\n\n    connection.execute({\n        sqlText: sql_queries.top_10_countries,\n        binds: [franchise, startdate, enddate],\n        complete: (err, stmt, rows) =\u003E {\n            if (err) {\n                console.error('Unable to retrieve order data', err);\n                res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unable to retrieve order data' });\n            } else {\n                res.status(200).json(rows);\n            }\n        },\n    });\n});\n```\n\nIn the code we are using a helper functions from the file `utils.js` to parse out dates from the supplied query string parameters in the format `YYYY-MM-DD`.\n\nWe are here picking up both the franchise id from the parameters of the request, like [http://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries](http://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries) and optionally allowing the user to specify a start and end date for the data to be returned, like [http://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries?start=2022-01-01&end=2022-03-01](http://localhost:3000/franchise/1/countries?start=2022-01-01&end=2022-03-01). These parameters are then bound to the query using the `binds` argument to the `execute()` function call. Updated the SQL statement `top_10_countries` in the `sql.js` file to use these parameters in the condition for the query:\n```sql\n-- 4.3.3 Update SQL for Top selling countries for franchise\n-- Top 10 Countries\n    SELECT\n        TOP 10 country,\n        sum(price) AS revenue\n    FROM\n        app.orders\n    WHERE\n        franchise_id = :1\n        AND date(order_ts) \u003E= :2\n        AND date(order_ts) \u003C= :3\n    GROUP BY\n        country\n    ORDER BY\n        sum(price) desc;\n```\n\nIn the query, you can see how each argument (`franchise`, `startdate`, `enddate`) passed to the query gets bound to the ordinal markers (`:1`, `:2`, `:3`).\n\nYou can now go ahead and implement the next endpoint `/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_topitems` in the same way, by getting the parameters from the request and binding them to the executed SQL statements in the section marked `4.3.4`. Also update the SQL statement in the `sql.js` file, using the query built in the first labs. Note that you here will have to also bind the parameter for `:truckbrandname` to the SQL statement marked `4.3.5`.\n\nThe routes we will add are:\n| Route | Method | Query Parameters |\n| ------- | --------- | ------- |\n| / | Return a list of available franchises and the truck brands for each |\n| /franchise/:franchise/countries | Returns a top 10 countries by sales for the specified franchise | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks | Returns a top 10 trucks by sales for the specified franchise | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/revenue/:year | Return the revenue for the specified year and truck |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_topitems | Returns the top selling items by truck brand for a specified franchise. | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_dayofweek | Returns sales by truck brand for a specified franchise by day of week.  different views of the data is returned | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/sales_topitems_dayofweek | Returns the top selling items by truck brand for a specified franchise by day of week. | startdate and enddate |\n| /franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truckbrandname/locations | Returns the top 10 locations for a truck brand for a specified franchise | startdate and enddate |\n\nThe routes can then be filtered by adding `?start=2022-01-01&end=2022-03-01` as optional query parameters.\n\nThe code for the remaining endpoints is in the file `/routes/franchise_all.js`. Also add these routes to the `app.js` file to include them in the service:\n```js\n// 4.3.6 Add remaining franchise routes\nconst franchise_all = require('./routes/franchise_all.js')\napp.use(\"/franchise\", franchise_all);\n```\n\nWith this, all the endpoints are now built out and you can test the API.\n\nHere are a few curl commands to test the APIs:\n* `curl \"http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/countries\"`\n* `curl \"http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks\"`\n* `curl \"http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/revenue/2022\"`\n* `curl \"http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks/Guac%20n%27%20Roll/sales\"`\n* `curl \"http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks/Guac%20n%27%20Roll/sales?analysis=dayofweek\"`\n* `curl \"http://localhost:3000/franchise/120/trucks/Guac%20n%27%20Roll/sales?analysis=topitems_dayofweek\"`\n\n\u003E \n\u003E Need help with this step?\n\u003E\n\u003E You can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a `git` command to grab it from the repo. In the `/backend` folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run `git checkout -- ./backend`\n\n---\n\n### Lab 4.4: Securing the API\n\nWe should now add a way to secure the access to the API, so that the frontend that we will build in a later lab, can authenticate and we can manage the access to the data and the endpoints.\nFor this API we will use a HTTP authentication scheme usually referred to as Bearer Authentication. An application, like the frontend, can login using a username and password, and get a signed token back from the backend that in subsequent calls can be included in the header. The token will be signed by the backend so that in later calls the signature can be verified, adding a measure of protection against tampering. It should be noted that in this lab we are not setting up secured communication with HTTPS, but in a production scenario, this should be done to ensure that both username and passwords, as well as tokens sent between backend and frontend, are protected from interception. The very nature of bearer tokens means that anyone in possession of (bearing) a valid token will be given access to the protected resource (hence the name bearer). For this lab we will be using signed JWTs (JSON Web Token), which is a common standard for token authentication.\n\n#### Creating access tokens\nWe will start by generating two random secrets that should be secured with the backend and not shared with other parties. We will use the `node` command-line tool to do this.\n```sh\n$ node\n\u003E require(\"crypto\").randomBytes(64).toString(\"hex\")\n'0b5191c5f9257c3999d1c7d1324e66f6af9a187881b52e2a4117afe6c7f901329e0a6bb1bebc5d5ea9e6a98984e288f12bb29950b77c4d98075dba87bdb6c5bb'\n\u003E require(\"crypto\").randomBytes(64).toString(\"hex\")\n'b8f994547e66fa6cecf3e02ab35275616d900368fe0ca2ac6bf4342ff63abef7d093d6f4d6c574f7d44ee30ea54f6716c6f1c5bef23e61ab9888fccb061ba9f4'\n\u003E .exit\n```\n\nGenerate two random strings like this and add them in the `.env` file.\n```sh\nACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET=0b5191c5.....dba87bdb6c5bb # 4.4.1 Replace with randomly generated string\nREFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET=b8f99454.....fccb061ba9f4 # 4.4.1 Replace with randomly generated string\n```\n\nThe provided code in the `auth.js` file helps us create access and refresh tokens:\n```js\nconst jwt = require(\"jsonwebtoken\")\nmodule.exports = {\n\n    refreshTokens: [],\n\n    // accessTokens\n    generateAccessToken: function(user) {\n        return jwt.sign(user, process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, { expiresIn: \"360m\" })\n    },\n\n    // refreshTokens\n    generateRefreshToken: function(user) {\n        const refreshToken =\n            jwt.sign(user, process.env.REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET, { expiresIn: \"20m\" })\n        this.refreshTokens.push(refreshToken)\n        return refreshToken\n    },\n};\n```\n\nInclude the `auth.js` at the top of the `app.js` file:\n```js\n// 4.4.2 Add helpers for authenetication and tokens\nvar auth = require('./auth')\n```\n\nNotice how the `ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET` and `REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET` from the `.env` file are now used to sign the tokens we generate. Having different secrets means that this back backend can uniquely verify that a token was generated and signed by itself.\n\u003E \n\u003E Note that here we are setting an expiration time of 360 minutes for the access tokens to make this lab a little easier (meaning a token will not expire during the entire lab), in a production scenario it would likely be a much shorter expiration time, like 15 minutes.\n\n#### Adding a login endpoint to the API\nIn `/routes/login.js` we can now add two endpoints; one to login and get an access token, and one to get a refresh token. We will check the supplied username and password with the hashed password in our database in the `USERS` table. Additionally, we will add an endpoint to get a new access token using the refresh token, in case the access token has expired.\n```js\napp.post(\"/login\", async (req, res) =\u003E {\n    if(!req.body.name || !req.body.password ) {\n        res.status(422).send(\"Incorrect data\")\n        return\n    }\n\n    const login_user = req.body.name\n    const login_password = req.body.password\n    connection.execute({\n        sqlText: sql_queries.verify_user,\n        binds: [login_user],\n        complete: (err, stmt, rows) =\u003E {\n            if (err) {\n                console.error('Unable to validate user', err);\n                res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unable to validate user' })\n                return\n            } else {\n                if (rows.length == 0){\n                    console.log('User does not exist: ' + login_user)\n                    res.status(401).json('Invalid user or password')\n                    return\n                } else {\n                    user_row = rows[0]\n                    user_name = user_row.USER_NAME\n                    hashed_password = user_row.HASHED_PASSWORD\n                    franchise_id = user_row.FRANCHISE_ID                    \n                    bcrypt.compare(login_password, hashed_password, function(err, result) {\n                        if (err){\n                            console.log('Failed to check password for: ' + login_user + ' - ' + err.message)\n                            res.status(401).json('Invalid user or password')\n                            return\n                        }\n                        if (result){\n                            console.log('Successful login, generating token for: ' + user_name + ', franchise: ' + franchise_id)\n                            const accessToken = auth.generateAccessToken({ user: req.body.name, franchise: franchise_id })\n                            const refreshToken = auth.generateRefreshToken({ user: req.body.name, franchise: franchise_id })\n                            res.json({ accessToken: accessToken, refreshToken: refreshToken })\n                            return\n                        }\n                        console.log('Incorrect password for user: ' + login_user)\n                        res.status(401).json('Invalid user or password')\n                        return\n                    });\n                }\n            }\n        },\n    });\n});\n\napp.post(\"/refresh\", (req, res) =\u003E {\n    if (!req.body.token)\n        res.status(422).send(\"Incorrect data\")\n    if (!auth.refreshTokens.includes(req.body.token))\n        res.status(400).send(\"Refresh Token Invalid\")\n    auth.refreshTokens = auth.refreshTokens.filter((c) =\u003E c != req.body.token)\n    //remove the old refreshToken from the refreshTokens list\n    const accessToken = auth.generateAccessToken({ user: req.body.token.user, franchise: req.body.token.franchise })\n    const refreshToken = auth.generateRefreshToken({ user: req.body.token.user, franchise: req.body.token.franchise })\n    //generate new accessToken and refreshTokens\n    res.json({ accessToken: accessToken, refreshToken: refreshToken })\n});\n```\n\nYou can now add these two endpoints to the API by including it in `app.js`:\n```js\n// 4.4.3 Add routes for login\napp.use(\"/\", login);\n```\n\n\u003E \n\u003E Note how in the login endpoint we are comparing the stored hashed passwords with a hash of the passed in password, meaning we are never storing plaintext passwords in the database, and the only time we are handling the plaintext password is in this method. Again this makes it important to ensure that the communication between the frontend and the backend is secured using HTTPS in a production scenario.\n\nSince we already created users in the first lab and stored hashed passwords for them in the database, we can try out the login endpoint to get an access token:\n```sh\ncurl -X POST http://localhost:3000/login -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{\"name\":\"user2\",\"password\":\"password120\"}'\n```\n\nYou can inspect the content of the JWT tokens using [JWT.io](https://JWT.io), paste it in and inspect the payload. It should contain something like this in the payload part:\n```json\n{\n  \"user\": \"user2\",\n  \"franchise\": \"120\",\n  \"iat\": 1681417090,\n  \"exp\": 1681418290\n}\n```\nJust for reference, the users that were created in the earlier database set up lab are the following:\n\n| User name | Hashed password | Franchise id | Plaintext password |\n| ------- | --------- | --------------- | ------------ |\n| user1\t| $2b$10$3/teX....iH7NI1SjoTjhi74a\t| 1\t| password1 |\n| user2\t| $2b$10$9wdGi....U8qeK/nX3c9HV8VW\t| 120\t| password120 |\n| user3\t| $2b$10$CNZif....IXZFepwrGtZbGqIO\t| 271\t| password271 |\n\n#### Validating tokens\nWe can now add a validation of the token that should now be included in each call to the backend by adding a middleware to the routes. \n\nIn `auth.js` we have a method to validate a token, meaning that the backen can look at a supplied token and verify that is was actually signed using the same secret we generated earlier.\n```js\n    validateToken: function (req, res, next) {\n        ..\n        jwt.verify(token, process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, (err, user) =\u003E {\n            if (err) {\n                res.status(403).send(\"Token invalid\")\n            }\n            else {\n                req.user = user\n                next() //proceed to the next action in the calling function\n            }\n        });\n    },\n```\n\nThis function can now be added as route middleware (meaning they will be executed as part of the request/response chain), to `app.js` like this:\n```js\n// 4.4.4 Add validation of tokens to each route\napp.use(auth.validateToken);\n```\nThis validates the JWT token and picks up the user and franchise that should be set in it, we can now access the data in the `req.user` variable in our endpoints.\n\nIt's important that this is actually added after the route for `/login`, otherwise it will actually try to validate the token as you are trying to login to get a token (creating an impossible situation). In Node Express the order in which we add routes and middleware is important to keep track of.\n\nIn `auth.js` we also have a method to validate that the user has access to the franchise that is requested in the route, meaning that if you log in with a user with a `franchise_id` we simply verify that you in the queries are trying to access that franchise (if not we will throw back an Unauthorized status for the request) :\n```js\n    validateAccess: function (req, res, next) {\n        if (req.user && req.user.franchise) {\n            const franchise = req.params.franchise\n            if (franchise == req.user.franchise) {\n                res.franchise = req.user.franchise\n                next()\n            } else if (franchise == undefined) {\n                next()\n            }\n            else {\n                res.status(403).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' })\n            }\n        }\n        else {\n            res.status(403).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });\n        }\n    }\n```\n\nNow go ahead and add this to each endpoint in `/routes/franchise.js`:\n```js\nrouter.get('/:franchise/countries/', auth.validateToken, (req, res) =\u003E {\n    // 4.3.2 Parse parameters and connect to Snowflake a return query response    \n\n    ...\n});\n```\n\nTest this out by calling an endpoint, using `curl` and supplying the access token we got earlier when testing the `login` endpoint:\n```sh\ncurl http://localhost:3000/ -H \"Accept: application/json\" -H \"Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1....ceiHArwUcaA8\"\n```\n\n\n\u003E \n\u003E Need help with this step?\n\u003E\n\u003E You can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a `git` command to grab it from the repo. In the `/backend` folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run `git checkout -- ./backend`\n\n---\n\n### Lab 4.5 Adding CORS to the API\n\nSince the frontend will be calling the backend from another host, we need to add allowed origins for requests to the backend. \n\nIn the development of this lab we are using `localhost:3000` for the backend and `localhost:3001` for the frontend, when deployed they would have some different hostnames. \n\nFor security reasons, browsers restrict cross-origin HTTP requests initiated from scripts, meaning that if we don’t explicitly allow another origin, like `localhost:3001` to request a resource from our API it will be blocked.\n\nWe solve this in Node Express by adding the `cors` package to the application and then configuring the allowed origins.\n\nRight before we start the server in `app.js`, add the following to allow CORS (Cross Origin Request Scripting) for the frontend that we will later build:\n```js\n// 4.5.1 add CORS to the app\ncors_origin = 'http://localhost:3001'\napp.use(cors({\n    origin: [cors_origin]\n}));\n```\n\n\u003E \n\u003E Need help with this step?\n\u003E\n\u003E You can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a `git` command to grab it from the repo. In the `/backend` folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run `git checkout -- ./backend`\n\n---\n\n### Lab 4.6 Finalizing the API\n\nThe backend is now ready to be used by the frontend. We can do some final updates to the API to make it easier to manage and making it a little more flexible.\n\nFirst, we move all configuration in `app.js` to an environment file. This will help us when are deploying it somwhere else. Replace the old code for `cors_origin` and all the way to the call for `app.listen(...)` with this:\n```js\n// 4.5.1 add CORS to the app\ncors_origin = process.env.CORS_ADDRESS ?? 'http://localhost:3001'\napp.use(cors({\n    origin: [cors_origin]\n}));\n\nport = process.env.PORT ?? 3000\napp.listen(port, () =\u003E {    \n    console.log('Server running on port ' + port);\n    console.log('Environment: ' + app.get('env'))\n    console.log('CORS origin allowed: ' + cors_origin)\n});\n```\n\nSince we may want to test out the API, without having to add a bearer token to the request header (which is not possible with a regular browser window), we can add a simple way to bypass the validation. We only allow this when the API is running in development mode however.\n\nTo enable this, we can add a `NODE_ENV` variable to our `.env` file. If that is set to `development` then we will bypass the token validation and use a preset user and franchise (`DEV_AUTH_USER` and `DEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE` variables, also in the `.env` file). This is great for testing and development, but should of course not be present in the production deployment of the API.\n\nAdd these 3 variables to your `.env` file. The final `.env` file would then look like this:\n```sh\nACCOUNT=my_account_123\nUSERNAME=tasty_app_api_user\nDATABASE=FROSTBYTE_TASTY_BYTES\nSCHEMA=RAW_POS\nWAREHOUSE=TASTY_DATA_APP_WH\n\nACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET=0b5191c5f9257c3999d1c7d1324e66f6af9a187881b52e2a4117afe6c7f901329e0a6ba1bebc5d5ea9e6a98984e288f12bb29950b77c4d98075dba87bdb6c5bb\nREFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET=b8f994547e66fa6cecf3e02ab35275616d900368fe0ca2ac6bf4342ff63abef7d093d6f4d6e574f7d44ee30ea54f6716c6f1c5bef23e61ab9888fccb061ba9f4\n\nPORT=3000\nCORS_ADDRESS=http://localhost:3001\nNODE_ENV=development\nDEV_AUTH_USER=user1\nDEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE=1\n```\n\nNext, in the `auth.js` file we can update the `validateToken` function:\n```js\n    validateToken: function (req, res, next) {\n        //get token from request header\n        const authHeader = req.headers[\"authorization\"]\n        if (authHeader == null) {\n            // 4.6.2 Allow for development mode bypass of token validation\n            environment = process.env.NODE_ENV\n            if('development'==environment){\n                if (process.env.DEV_AUTH_USER){\n                    console.warn('Development mode: no auth header found, accepting user \"' + process.env.DEV_AUTH_USER + '\" from environment variables with franchise ' + process.env.DEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE)\n                    req.user = {user:process.env.DEV_AUTH_USER, franchise:process.env.DEV_AUTH_FRANCHISE}\n                    next()\n                    return\n                }\n            }\n            res.status(400).send(\"Auth header not present\")\n            return\n        }\n        const token = authHeader.split(\" \")[1]\n        //the request header contains the token \"Bearer \u003Ctoken\u003E\", split the string and use the second value in the split array.\n        if (token == null) res.status(400).send(\"Token not present\")\n        jwt.verify(token, process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, (err, user) =\u003E {\n            if (err) {\n                res.status(403).send(\"Token invalid\")\n            }\n            else {\n                req.user = user\n                next()            \n            }\n        });\n    },\n```\n\n\u003E \n\u003E Need help with this step?\n\u003E\n\u003E You can set your entire backend folder to the end of this step by running a `git` command to grab it from the repo. In the `/backend` folder (it will only reset changes you have set in this folder), run `git checkout -- ./backend`\n\n\u003C!-- ------------------------ --\u003E\n## Lab 5: Stressing and Scaling your Snowflake instance\n\n\n### Overview\n\nIn this lab we want to test the scalability of the API.  We want to ensure that when the workload increases, Snowflake scales out to meet that need.  To test this we are going to run the same stress test against our API twice.  The first time we run the test will be with a single cluster warehouse (as it is now, min and a max size are both set to 1).  The second time we run the test will be with a multi-cluster warehouse (MCW)\n\nFor the tests we are going to be using [artillery.io](https://www.artillery.io/)\n\nIn order to use artillery we will need to install it.  Make sure you are in the backend directory of the project and on the command line execute the following statement.\n\n```nodejs\nnpm install -g artillery\n```\n\n### Conduct the test (single cluster warehouse)\n\nTo run our test we need to define what that test looks like. This definition is the same for both tests so we compare apples and apples. In our project we go to the `/backend/load_test` directory and find the `load_test.yaml` file which describes the test we are about to perform\n\n```yaml\nconfig:\n  target: \"http://localhost:3000\"\n  http:\n      # Responses have to be sent within 180 seconds, or an `ETIMEDOUT` error gets raised.\n      timeout: 180  \n  processor: \"./load_test/load_test_helper.js\"\n  phases:\n      arrivalRate: 10\n      rampTo: 50\n      \nscenarios:\n  - name: \"Get basic data\"\n    flow:\n      - post:\n          url: \"/login\"\n          json:\n            name: \"user2\"\n            password: \"password120\"\n          capture:\n           - json: \"$.accessToken\"\n             as: \"accessToken\"\n      - loop:\n          - function: \"generateRandomDate\"\n          - get:\n              url: \"/franchise/120/countries?start={{ startDate }}&end={{ endDate }}\"\n              headers:\n                Authorization: \"Bearer {{ accessToken }}\"\n              afterResponse: \"printStatus\"\n          - think: 1\n        count: 5   \n```\n\n- config\n    - target: The API url we are targetting\n    - duration: How long does the test last (secs)\n    - arrivalRate: new users to add every second\n- scenarios\n    - flow.post.url: endpoint we hit using (POST)\n    - flow.post.json.name: pass in the username\n    - flow.post.json.password: pass in the password\n    - flow.post.capture.json: capture the returned access token\n    - loop: we are going to execute the next step a number of times\n    - loop.get.url: endpoint we hit using (GET)\n    - loop.get.headers.Authorization: pass in the authorization header using the token retrieved earlier\n\n### Run the Test\n\nNow let's go ahead and run the test.  Before we do let's capture the current_timestamp so we can use it in your queries later and make filtering really easy.  Grab the return from the following statement\n\n```sql\nSELECT current_timestamp();\n```\nfrom the backend directory of the project go ahead and execute the following\n\n```nodejs\nnpx artillery run ./load_test/load_test.yaml\n```\n\n### Test Completed\n\nOur test is complete and we have two outputs to look at.  One is on your screen from Artillery.  It is telling you things like the number of requests issued, the rate we issued queries, the result codes and how many vUsers were created. \n\nThe other way to look at this is inside Snowflake.  We want to see if the warehouse scaled out and executed queries on those scaled out clusters.\nLet's first look from the perspective of the warehouse.  In Snowsight run the following query the filters by the warehouse name and suitable duration in the past.  In this test there should be no rows returned\n\n```sql\nSELECT * FROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.WAREHOUSE_EVENTS_HISTORY \nWHERE CLUSTER_NUMBER \u003E 0\nAND WAREHOUSE_NAME = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND TIMESTAMP \u003E= '\u003Cinsert value we captured earlier\u003E'\nORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC; \n```\n\nThe other persective is from the perspective of the queries we executed.  For that we can run the following query in Snowsight that again filters by the warehouse and timeframe.  What did those wait times look like?  There are other metrics available in the QUERY_HISTORY view that are not included below for brevity but if you are feeling curious then you can add them to the query also.  \n\n```sql\nSELECT \n    Query_ID,\n    start_time, \n    end_time, \n    total_elapsed_time,\n    EXECUTION_TIME,\n    queued_overload_time,    \n    queued_overload_time + execution_time as how_the_times_add_up,    \n    cluster_number,\n    warehouse_name,\n    execution_status,\n    QUEUED_PROVISIONING_TIME,\n    queued_repair_time,\n    child_queries_wait_time\nFROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.QUERY_HISTORY\nWHERE warehouse_name = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND start_time \u003E= '\u003Cinsert value we captured earlier\u003E'\nORDER BY start_time DESC; \n```\n\nNow let's change the warehouse into a MCW and rerun the test.  In Snowsight execute the following.\n\n```sql\nALTER WAREHOUSE \u003Cinsert name of your warehouse\u003E SET MAX_CLUSTER_COUNT = 10;\n```\nIn the code above we will allow Snowflake to scale out our warehouse to 10 clusters.\n\n### Conduct the tests (Multi-Cluster Warehouse)\n\nNow let's go ahead and run the test again.  Before we do let's capture the current_timestamp once more so we can use it in your queries later and make filtering really easy.  Grab the return from the following statement\n\n```sql\nSELECT current_timestamp();\n```\n\nfrom the backend directory of the project go ahead and execute the following\n\n```nodejs\nnpx artillery run load_test.yaml\n```\n\n### Test Completed\n\nOur test is complete and we again have two outputs to look at.  One is on the screen from Artillery.  Can you see a difference in the output?\n\nThe other is inside Snowflake.  We want to see if the warehouse scaled out and executed queries on those scaled out clusters.\nLet's first look from the perspective of the warehouse.  In Snowsight run the following query that filters by the warehouse name and suitable duration in the past.  If the warehouse scaled then we should see rows returned:\n\n```sql\nSELECT * FROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.WAREHOUSE_EVENTS_HISTORY \nWHERE CLUSTER_NUMBER \u003E 0\nAND WAREHOUSE_NAME = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND TIMESTAMP \u003E= '\u003Cinsert value we captured earlier\u003E'\nORDER BY TIMESTAMP DESC; \n```\n\nand the other persective is from the perspective of the queries we executed.  For that we can run the following query in Snowsight that again filters by the warehouse and timeframe and also looks for cluster numbers \u003E 1 (i.e. scale out clusters)\n\n```sql\nSELECT \n    Query_ID,\n    start_time, \n    end_time, \n    total_elapsed_time,\n    EXECUTION_TIME,\n    queued_overload_time,    \n    queued_overload_time + execution_time as how_the_times_add_up,    \n    cluster_number,\n    warehouse_name,\n    execution_status,\n    QUEUED_PROVISIONING_TIME,\n    queued_repair_time,\n    child_queries_wait_time\nFROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.QUERY_HISTORY\nWHERE warehouse_name = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\nAND cluster_number \u003E 1\nAND start_time \u003E= '\u003Cinsert value we captured earlier\u003E'\nORDER BY start_time DESC; \n```\n\n#### Here is an example test result\n\n```sql\n--Capture output before test starts\nSELECT current_timestamp();\nSET load_test_start_time = '\u003Ccaptured value\u003E';-- i.e 2023-05-30 08:31:03.502 -0700\n\n--Capture output after test finishes\nSELECT current_timestamp();\nSET load_test_end_time = '\u003Ccaptured value\u003E';-- i.e 2023-05-30 08:33:03.502 -0700\n\n--Now execute the following\nWITH query_times AS (    \n    SELECT \n        Query_ID,\n        CASE WHEN cluster_number IS NULL THEN 'Cache' ELSE cluster_number::varchar END as cluster_number,\n        time_slice(start_time::timestamp,10,'SECOND') as slice\n    FROM SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.QUERY_HISTORY\n    WHERE warehouse_name = 'TASTY_APP_API_WH'\n    AND start_time \u003E= $load_test_start_time\n    AND start_time \u003C= $load_test_end_time\n)\nSELECT\n    count(query_id) as query_count,\n    cluster_number,\n    slice\nFROM query_times\ngroup by cluster_number, slice\nORDER BY slice DESC;\n```\n\nThey say a picture paints a thousand words so here is a graph from Snowsight that shows the cluster scale throughout the test.\n\n![MCW Scale](https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/MCW.png)\n\n\n\u003C!-- ------------------------ --\u003E\n## Lab 6: Frontend Overview\n\nThis lab will take you through building a React JS frontend that can then be displayed in your favorite browser. The frontend will connect to the backend API which then connects to the Snowflake database and serves the results of queries over a number of API endpoints. The query results are then rendered in the browser as charts which are then easily consumed by the end users.\n\nWe will take the API Endpoints designed in the [Data API Lab](#lab-4-backend-overview) and display charts on the web page.\n\nIn this lab we are not securing the communication using HTTPS, but in a production environment this should be added.\n\n\n### Lab 6.1: Setting up the code\n\nThe starting code for this lab is in the GitHub repository we cloned earlier. For this lab we will use the `frontend` subdirectory from the main directory. Open this folder in an IDE (like VSCode).\n\nWe will start by adding the Node dependencies to the project. In a new terminal window, change to the `frontend` directory\nand run the following:\n```sh\nnpm i react\nnpm i react-bootstrap\nnpm i recharts\n```\n\nTo configure the application, copy the example file `.env.example` to create a new file in the frontend directory called `.env`\n```sh\ncp .env.example .env\n```\n\nStart the server by running:\n```sh\nnpm start\n```\n\nThis will start a development web server and you can access the web application in a browser:\n```sh\nhttp://localhost:3001/\n```\n\nTo stop the Web Server, simply terminate the task that started the server, press \u003Ckbd\u003ECtrl\u003C/kbd\u003E+\u003Ckbd\u003Ec\u003C/kbd\u003E\n\n---\n### Lab 6.2: Code layout.\n\nBefore making changes, let us understand how the files are organized. Below image show various files in building the Frontend. Some of the files contain the boilerplate code generated when initializing ReactJS appilication.\n\nAll the required files are in the ***src*** folder. ***src/pages*** folder has the Javascript (.js) and Stylesheet files (.css)\n\n- ***Login.js***, has the HTML and JS code required to render Login page.\n- ***Login.css***, has the styles on the Login Page.\n\n- ***Home.js***, has the HTML and JS code required to render Franchise view. We will be modifying this file to add various charts.\n- ***Home.css***, has the styles on the Franchise view.\n\n- ***Details.js***, has the HTML and JS code required to render Truck Detail view. We will be modifying this file to add various charts.\n- ***Details.css***, has the styles on the Truck Detail view.\n\n---\n\n### Lab 6.3: Building the Franchise Overview UI.\n\nLogin to the website using one of the users and passwords from above.\n\nOn successful Login, the Backend API returns ***Franchise_Id*** and ***AccessToken***, we will use them to make subsequent calls to the Backend API. \n\nWe can now start building the UI. Let us start with building a Bar Chart for the ***Sales for the Top 10 Countries***. The Backend API end point is `/franchise/:franchise/countries`, optionally specifying the Start and End dates. \n\nFirst, let us fetch Data from Backend for Sales by Top10 Countries. Update the stubbed method in ***pages/Home.js*** add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as *6.3.1*.\n\n```js\nlet [top10Countries, setTop10Countries] = useState([]);\n```\nadd the following code to ***pages/Home.js*** as *6.3.2*.\n```js\nfunction fetchTop10Countries() {\n    const requestOptions = {\n        method: 'GET',\n        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n    };\n    fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/countries?start='+fromDate+'&end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n        .then((result) =\u003E result.json())\n            .then((data) =\u003E {\n                setTop10Countries(data)\n    })\n}\n```\nWe are using the `franchise` and the `accessToken` we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The `accessToken` is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\n\nIn the `requestOptions`, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the `accessToken` in the header as a Bearer Token.\n\nWe need to update the React UI hooks, so the newly created method is called when the page is requested. Update the `useEffect()` method in ***pages/Home.js*** as *6.3.3*, to add the following.\n\n```js\nfetchTop10Countries();\n```\n\nNow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build the BarChart, to do that, we are using a react library ***recharts***. Add the following code to ***pages/Home.js*** as *6.3.4* to display the chart.\n\n```html \n\u003CResponsiveContainer width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003E\n    \u003CBarChart\n        layout='vertical'\n        width={700}\n        height={0}\n        data={top10Countries}\n        margin={{top: 15, right: 15, left: 25, bottom: 5,}}\u003E\n        \u003CXAxis type=\"number\" dataKey=\"REVENUE\" tickFormatter={tickFormater}\u003E\n        \u003C/XAxis\u003E                            \n        \u003CYAxis type=\"category\" dataKey=\"COUNTRY\"\u003E\n        \u003C/YAxis\u003E\n        \u003CTooltip formatter={(value) =\u003E 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /\u003E\n        \u003CBar dataKey=\"REVENUE\" fill=\"#548bf2\"\u003E\n            \u003CLabelList dataKey=\"REVENUE\" position=\"insideRight\" fill='white' formatter={labelFormatter} /\u003E\n        \u003C/Bar\u003E\n    \u003C/BarChart\u003E\n\u003C/ResponsiveContainer\u003E\n```\n\nAt this point, if you save your changes and check the web browser it should display the ***Sales for the Top 10 Countries***. Make Sure your development Web Server is still running.  \n\nNow uet us add a Bar Chart for the ***Sales for the Top 10 Trucks***. The Backend API end point is `/franchise/:franchise/trucks`, optionally specifying the Start and End dates. \n\nLet us fetch Data from Backend for Sales by Top10 Trucks. In this method, since we are fetching Top Trucks, we will add a little bit of complexity to store unique list of Trucks. Update the stubbed method in ***pages/Home.js*** add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as *6.3.5*.\n\n```js\nlet [top10Trucks, setTop10Trucks] = useState([]); //used to hold Sales of the Top 10 Trucks\nlet [trucks, setTrucks] = useState([]); // used to hold unique Trucks brands.\n```\n\nadd the following code to ***pages/Home.js*** as *6.3.6*.\n```js\nfunction fetchTop10Trucks() {\n    const requestOptions = {\n            method: 'GET',\n            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n    };\n    fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/trucks?start='+fromDate+'&end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n        .then((result) =\u003E result.json())\n            .then((data) =\u003E {\n                setTop10Trucks(data)\n                let t = [];\n\n                for (let i=0; i\u003Cdata.length; i++) {\n                    t.push(data[i].TRUCK_BRAND_NAME);\n                }\n                setTrucks(t);\n        })\n}\n```\n\nWe are using the `franchise` and the `accessToken` we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The `accessToken` is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\n\nIn the `requestOptions`, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the `accessToken` in the header as a Bearer Token.\n\nUpdate the `useEffect()` method in ***pages/Home.js*** as *6.3.7*, to add the following.\n\n```js\nfetchTop10Trucks();\n```\n\nNow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build the BarChart, to do that, we are using a react library ***recharts***. Add the following code to ***pages/Home.js*** as *6.3.8* to display the chart.\n\n```html \n\u003CResponsiveContainer width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003E\n    \u003CBarChart\n        layout='horizontal'\n        width={700}\n        height={0}\n        data={top10Trucks}\n        margin={{top: 15, right: 15, left: 25, bottom: 5,}}\u003E\n        \u003CXAxis type=\"category\" dataKey=\"TRUCK_BRAND_NAME\" /\u003E\n        \u003CYAxis type=\"number\" dataKey=\"REVENUE\"  tickFormatter={tickFormater} /\u003E                       \n        \u003CTooltip formatter={(value) =\u003E 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /\u003E\n        \u003CBar dataKey=\"REVENUE\" fill=\"#548bf2\"\u003E\n            \u003CLabelList dataKey=\"REVENUE\" position=\"top\" fill='grey' formatter={labelFormatter} /\u003E\n        \u003C/Bar\u003E\n    \u003C/BarChart\u003E\n\u003C/ResponsiveContainer\u003E\n```\n\nSave your changes and you should see the below chart displayed in your browser running the Web Application.\n\n![Alt text](https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/chart1.png)\n\nThe final step to finish the page is to add the navigation to go to the Truck Details page, add the following code to ***pages/Home.js*** as *6.3.9*:\n\n```js\nfunction gotoDetails() {\n    navigate('/details', {state: {franchise: franchise, truck_brand_name: top10Trucks[0]['TRUCK_BRAND_NAME'], fromDate: fromDate, toDate:toDate, trucks: trucks, accessToken: location.state.accessToken, refreshToken: location.state.refreshToken}});\n}\n```\n\n---\n\n### Lab 6.4: Building the Truck Details Page UI.\n\nWe can now start building the Truck details page UI. Let us start with building a Bar Chart for the ***Best Items for a Truck***. The Backend API end point is `/franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truck/sales_topitems`, optionally specifying the Start and End dates. \n\nFirst, let us fetch Data from Backend for Best Items for a Truck. Update the stubbed method in ***pages/Details.js*** add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as *6.4.1*.\n\n```js\nlet [topItemsByTruck, setTopItemsByTruck] = useState([]);\n```\n\nadd the following code to ***pages/Details.js*** as *6.4.2*\n\n```js\nfunction fetchTopItemsByTruck() {\n        const requestOptions = {\n            method: 'GET',\n            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n        };\n        fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/trucks/'+truck+'/sales_topitems?start='+fromDate+'&end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n            .then((result) =\u003E result.json())\n                .then((data) =\u003E {\n                    setTopItemsByTruck(data)\n        })\n    }\n```\nWe are using the `franchise` and the `accessToken` we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The `accessToken` is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\n\nIn the `requestOptions`, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the `accessToken` in the header as a Bearer Token.\n\nNow let us update the React UI hooks, so the newly created method is called when the page is requested. Update the `useEffect()` method in ***pages/Details.js*** as *6.4.3*, to add the following.\n\n```js\nfetchTopItemsByTruck();\n```\n\nNow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build the BarChart, to do that, we are using a react library ***recharts***. Add the following code to ***pages/Details.js*** as *6.4.4* to display the chart.\n\n```html \n\u003CResponsiveContainer width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003E\n    \u003CBarChart\n        width={700}\n        height={0}\n        data={topItemsByTruck}\n        margin={{top: 15, right: 15, left: 25, bottom: 5,}}\u003E\n        \u003CXAxis type=\"category\" dataKey=\"MENU_ITEM_NAME\"\u003E\n        \u003C/XAxis\u003E\n        \u003CYAxis type=\"number\" dataKey=\"REVENUE\" tickFormatter={tickFormater}\u003E\n        \u003C/YAxis\u003E\n        \u003CTooltip formatter={(value) =\u003E 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /\u003E\n        \u003CBar dataKey=\"REVENUE\" fill=\"#548bf2\"\u003E\n            \u003CLabelList dataKey=\"REVENUE\" position=\"top\" fill='grey' formatter={labelFormatter} /\u003E\n        \u003C/Bar\u003E\n    \u003C/BarChart\u003E\n\u003C/ResponsiveContainer\u003E\n```\n\nAt this point, if you save your changes and check the web browser it should display the ***Best Items for a Truck***. Make Sure your development Web Server is still running.\n\nNow uet us add a Bar Chart for the ***Sales for day of the week for a truck***. The Backend API end point is `/franchise/:franchise/trucks/:truck/sales_dayofweek`, optionally specifying the Start and End dates. \n\nLet us fetch Data from Backend for Sales for day of the week for a truck. Update the stubbed method in ***pages/Details.js*** add a variable to hold the data returned by the backend as *6.4.5*.\n```js\nlet [salesByDOW, setSalesByDOW] = useState([]);\n```\n\nadd the following code to ***pages/Details.js*** as *6.4.6*\n\n```js\nfunction fetchSalesByDOW() {\n    const requestOptions = {\n        method: 'GET',\n        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + location.state.accessToken },\n    };\n    fetch(backendURL+'/franchise/'+franchise+'/trucks/'+truck+'/sales_dayofweek?start='+fromDate+'&end='+toDate, requestOptions)\n        .then((result) =\u003E result.json())\n            .then((data) =\u003E {\n                setSalesByDOW(data)\n    })\n}\n```\nWe are using the `franchise` and the `accessToken` we recieved from the Backend API on successful Login. The `accessToken` is then validated by the Backend API and the Snowflake query is executed and the results are returned. We convert the results to JSON and store in a local variable.\n\nIn the `requestOptions`, we are setting the Request Method (GET/POST), and we are sending the `accessToken` in the header as a Bearer Token.\n\nNow let us update the React UI hooks, so the newly created method is called when the page is requested. Update the `useEffect()` method in ***pages/Details.js*** as *6.4.7*, to add the following.\n\n```js\nfetchSalesByDOW();\n```\n\nNow that we have the data from the Backend API, we can build an AreaChart, to do that, we are using a react library ***recharts***. Add the following code to ***pages/Details.js*** as *6.4.8* to display the chart.\n\n```html \n\u003CResponsiveContainer width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003E\n    \u003CAreaChart\n        width={500}\n        height={400}\n        data={salesByDOW}\n        margin={{\n            top: 10,\n            right: 30,\n            left: 0,\n            bottom: 0,\n        }}\u003E\n        \u003CXAxis dataKey=\"DOW\" tickFormatter={dayofWeek} /\u003E\n        \u003CYAxis tickFormatter={tickFormater} /\u003E\n        \u003CTooltip formatter={(value) =\u003E 'US$'+(new Intl.NumberFormat('en').format(value))} /\u003E\n        \u003CArea type=\"monotone\" dataKey=\"REVENUE\" stroke=\"#548bf2\" fill=\"#548bf2\" activeDot={{ r: 8 }} /\u003E\n    \u003C/AreaChart\u003E\n\u003C/ResponsiveContainer\u003E\n```\n\nYou should see the below chart displayed in your browser running the Web Application.\n\n![Alt text](https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Truck_Details_Screen.png)\n\n---\n### Lab 6.5: Use the Website.\n\nThe web application has 3 pages (Login Page, Franchise Page and Truck Details Page)\n\n***Login as User***, is the way for a user to be validated and also establish a session in the Backend for the user. This is a simple page, when user enters their username and password and press Login button, user is authenticated and is navigated to the Franchise View. \n![Alt text](https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Login_Screen.png)\n\n***Franchise View***, displays various charious charts like Sales for Top 10 Countries, Sales from Top 10 Trucks and the YTD revuenue for the *Franchise*. On this page, user is presented with 2 date pickers to choose Start and End Dates which are used for filtering the data. \n\nThe user can then navigate to the Truck Details page by clicking on the Truck Details button on the top right. \n\n![Alt text](https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Home_Screen.png)\n\n***Truck Details View***, displays various charts like Top Items, Sales by Day-of-Week, Best Sellers by Day-of-Week, Best Cities by Day-of-Week for the selected *Franchise* and *Truck Brand*. On this page, the user is presented with the same 2 date pickers from the previous page. In addition, the user has the option to choose a Truck Brand. \n\nThe user can navigate back to the Franchise page, by clicking on the *Back to Overview* button on the top right.\n\n![Alt text](https://www.snowflake.com/content/dam/snowflake-site/developers/guides/build-a-data-app-with-snowflake/Truck_Details_Screen.png)\n\n---\n\n\n\u003C!-- ------------------------ --\u003E\n\n\n## Lab 7: Cleanup\n\n### Front End \nThere isn't very much to clean up or tear down after this lab. When you don't need the frontend any more stop the development web server, simply by terminating the task that started the server, press \u003Ckbd\u003ECtrl\u003C/kbd\u003E+\u003Ckbd\u003Ec\u003C/kbd\u003E.\n\n### Back End\nTo make sure that the backend is not running any more, simply terminate the task that started the server, press \u003Ckbd\u003ECtrl\u003C/kbd\u003E+\u003Ckbd\u003Ec\u003C/kbd\u003E.\n\n### Snowflake Database\nTo clean up your Snowflake environment you can run the following SQL Statements. \n\n```sql \ndrop database frostbyte_tasty_bytes;\ndrop warehouse query_wh;\ndrop warehouse load_wh;\ndrop warehouse tasty_app_api_wh;\ndrop user tasty_app_api_user;\ndrop role tasty_app_api_role;\n```\n",":type":"text/x-markdown","multiValue":false},"quickstartArticleLogoImage":{"dataType":"string","title":"Quickstart Article Logo Image",":type":"text/plain","multiValue":false}},"elementsOrder":["quickstartArticleBody","quickstartArticleLogoImage"],"model":"snowflake-site/models/quickstart-article"},"flexible_column_cont":{"id":"flexible-column-container-4b7c9d68aa","type":"2-column-75-25","alignColumns":"top","containerMaxWidth":"extra-large","topPadding":"none","bottomPadding":"none","spaceBetween":"none","reverseOnMobile":false,"carouselOnMobile":false,"backgroundImageOption":"none","flexible_column_content_container_1":{"layout":"SIMPLE","id":"container-49cc84e2b5",":type":"snowflake-site/components/flexible-column-container/flexible-column-content-container",":items":{"quickstart_last_modi":{"id":"quickstart-last-modified-30a15b8aed","icon":{"id":"icon","icon":"calendar",":type":"snowflake-site/components/icon","appliedCssClassNames":"snowflake-icon-blue"},"lastModifiedDatePrefix":"Updated","lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-20",":type":"snowflake-site/components/quickstart/quickstart-last-modified","appliedCssClassNames":"snowflake-responsive-component-top-padding-small"},"text":{"id":"text-331f0e0407","additionalClasses":"qs-disclaimer-text","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #666;\"\u003EThis content is provided as is, and is not maintained on an ongoing basis. 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